Regulation of Melatonin Production - 1611 Words

REGULATION OF MELATONIN PRODUCTION Light acts on photoreceptor cells of the pineal organ and retina, which allows synchronization of their internal molecular clocks. Light might also impact on other possible photosensitive and circadian structures in the ventral diencephalon (POA and hypothalamic area) and peripheral organs. In response to the photoperiodic information, the retina and the pineal organ elaborate two types of rhythmic information. The neural information (blue arrows) from the retina and pineal organ reach the ventral diencephalon through the retinohypothalamic and the pineal tracts, respectively. This information provides an indication of day length, as well as of subtle variations in ambient illumination. The hormonal information is relayed by melatonin the production of which reflects day length and season. In the retina, melatonin is an autocrine and/or paracrine factor, which is metabolized locally. Pineal melatonin is released into the cerebrospinal fluid and blood, and acts on specific targets through melatonin receptors. In the hypothalamus, melatonin might contribute to synchronizing the activities of circadian oscillatory units [SCN and others and modulating the production of pituitary gland releasing factors. Melatonin receptors have been identified in areas that impact on pituitary function, including the POA, which also receives nervous input from both the pineal organ and the retina. Melatonin impacts on the pituitary gland itself toShow MoreRelatedHormones And Secretion Of Melatonin1138 Words   |  5 Pageshormone? Melatonin is created and secreted in the pineal gland. The pineal gland is an organ about the size of a pea and the shape of a cone, and serves as the last organ in the visual system. The pineal gland, an endocrine gland, is found in the center of the brain, the epithalamus, and is located behind the third cerebral ventricle (Emerson, 2015). The pineal gland and the melatonin it produces plays a large role in humans well-being. This gland is also responsible for the regulation and processingRead MoreEnzyme Responsible For Regulating The Human Circadian Clock1242 Words   |  5 Pagespathway (e.g. you don’t need to describe all ten steps of glycolysis if that’s a pathway that is affected,) but you should identify where in the pathway the chronoregulators might be acting or what molecules are being affected. Regulation of the Human Circiadian Clock by Melatonin Humans often sleep at night and perform waking activities during the day. 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This results in reduced production of melatonin, a hormone generated in darkness that is responsible for feelings of alertness and sleepiness. Current research on melatonin is testing possible benefits of the hormone such as reducing the risk of cancer. In addition, lack of sleep can cause headaches, moodiness, susceptibility to disease, and manyRead MoreHerbal and Alternative Remedies1196 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidering taking CAMs, you should seek specialist advice if: †¢ you are pregnant or breastfeeding †¢ you want to give CAMs to children †¢ You are competing in sports to make sure that the CAM you are considering taking is not in breach of doping regulations. How to use CAMs safely? 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The function pineal gland is to control circadian and circannual rhythms, and the release of melatonin. The function of the parathyroid glands is to mainly to control calcium levels in the body. The functions of the pituitary gland secrete various hormones for various functions. The function of the thyroid gland is to increase the me tabolic rate to