Who is Rosa Parks Rosa Parks is someone who grew Essay Example For Students

Who is Rosa Parks? Rosa Parks is someone who grew Essay up believing people should be judged by the respect they have for themselves and others. (Le Blanc, 190) Rosa Parks is mostly known for standing up for herself and for other all other African Americans when she refused to go to the back of the bus to give up her seat for a white man. (Le Blanc, 190) When Rosa took a stand, she didnt do it to make her name go down in history. She did it because she believed in herself and she stood up for an injustice she thought was wrong. Rosa Parks is a courageous and very remarkable person. We will write a custom essay on Who is Rosa Parks? Rosa Parks is someone who grew specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Rosa Parks was born in Tuskagee, Alabama. When she was a young child her parents separated. After her parents got divorced, she moved to Montgomery with her mom. (Le Blanc, 189) She grew up with an extended family that consisted of her maternal grandparents and Sylvester, her younger brother. (Le Blanc, 189) Rosas mother was a school teacher and she was taught by her until age 11. (Celsi, 1) At age 11 she went to Montgomery Industrial School for Girls. It was an all black school. Everything in Montgomery was either blacks only or whites only. Though she found it humiliating, Parks became used to obeying segregation laws. (Celsi, 1) With her mothers help, Rosa was able to grow up proud of herself and other black people. (Contemporary Black Biography, 190) By the time she reached the midpoint of her life, Rosa was no longer a stranger to white intimidation. (Le Blanc, 190) At the age of 20, Rosa married Raymond Parks, who was a barber. Rosa and Raymond had to keep steady jobs to support themselves. (Le Blanc, 190) Rosa hated the way of life. She had always dreamed of equality and freedom. (Stewart, 1) Although Rosa grew up with segregation, she turned out to be a very well rounded unique person many people can look up to. She was just a normal person with a normal life, but she did something that not many black people back then had the courage to doshe stood up for herself. In Rosas spare time, she became active in the NAACP. She was also active in the Montgomery Voters League. (Le Blanc, 190) The Montgomery Voters League was a group that helped black people pass a special test so they could register to vote. (Le Blanc, 190) Rosa had been silently protesting segregation in her own quiet way over the years. For example, instead of riding up an elevator that said blacks only she would take the stairs. (Le Blanc, 190) The most well known boycott is the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This was a boycott that took place in response to Rosas arrest. Her arrest caused black people throughout Montgomery to refuse to ride buses. (Church, 393) The success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott encouraged a wave of massive demonstrations that swept across the South. (Church, 394) Rosa Parks has succeeded in establishing herself in history by what she did. She is one of the most honored and distinguished African Americans in our history. (Asante, 71) Rosa Parks stood didnt only stand up for herself, she stood up for racism. It must have been hard for her because not only was she an African American, she was also a woman, and back then things were much more difficult for women. Even though Rosa did something very courageous, some might say she isnt the best leader. Many leaders give speeches, lead demonstrations and write petitions. Rosa Parks didnt do any of these things. Other people were motivated to do these things because of her standing up for herself. (Asante, 71) The most important incident that happened in Rosas life occurred on December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks was riding the bus home from work like she did every day. But that day had been especially tiring. .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec , .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec .postImageUrl , .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec , .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec:hover , .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec:visited , .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec:active { border:0!important; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec:active , .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub345f8c673c4f60179e9ef14e1927aec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To what extend are the characters of Chronicles of a Death Foretold by Marquez and Ghosts by Ibsen hypocritical about their religion Essay (Le Blanc, 190) The bus was a constant irritation to black people. The front four rows were reserved for whites (and remained empty even when there were not enough white passengers to fill them). The back section, which was always very crowded, was for black passengers. In between there . Who is Rosa Parks Rosa Parks is someone who grew Essay Example For Students Who is Rosa Parks? Rosa Parks is someone who grew Essay up believing people should be judged by the respect they have for themselves and others. (Le Blanc, 190) Rosa Parks is mostly known for standing up for herself and for other all other African Americans when she refused to go to the back of the bus to give up her seat for a white man. (Le Blanc, 190) When Rosa took a stand, she didnt do it to make her name go down in history. She did it because she believed in herself and she stood up for an injustice she thought was wrong. Rosa Parks is a courageous and very remarkable person. We will write a custom essay on Who is Rosa Parks? Rosa Parks is someone who grew specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Rosa Parks was born in Tuskagee, Alabama. When she was a young child her parents separated. After her parents got divorced, she moved to Montgomery with her mom. (Le Blanc, 189) She grew up with an extended family that consisted of her maternal grandparents and Sylvester, her younger brother. (Le Blanc, 189) Rosas mother was a school teacher and she was taught by her until age 11. (Celsi, 1) At age 11 she went to Montgomery Industrial School for Girls. It was an all black school. Everything in Montgomery was either blacks only or whites only. Though she found it humiliating, Parks became used to obeying segregation laws. (Celsi, 1) With her mothers help, Rosa was able to grow up proud of herself and other black people. (Contemporary Black Biography, 190) By the time she reached the midpoint of her life, Rosa was no longer a stranger to white intimidation. (Le Blanc, 190) At the age of 20, Rosa married Raymond Parks, who was a barber. Rosa and Raymond had to keep steady jobs to support themselves. (Le Blanc, 190) Rosa hated the way of life. She had always dreamed of equality and freedom. (Stewart, 1) Although Rosa grew up with segregation, she turned out to be a very well rounded unique person many people can look up to. She was just a normal person with a normal life, but she did something that not many black people back then had the courage to doshe stood up for herself. In Rosas spare time, she became active in the NAACP. She was also active in the Montgomery Voters League. (Le Blanc, 190) The Montgomery Voters League was a group that helped black people pass a special test so they could register to vote. (Le Blanc, 190) Rosa had been silently protesting segregation in her own quiet way over the years. For example, instead of riding up an elevator that said blacks only she would take the stairs. (Le Blanc, 190) The most well known boycott is the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This was a boycott that took place in response to Rosas arrest. Her arrest caused black people throughout Montgomery to refuse to ride buses. (Church, 393) The success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott encouraged a wave of massive demonstrations that swept across the South. (Church, 394) Rosa Parks has succeeded in establishing herself in history by what she did. She is one of the most honored and distinguished African Americans in our history. (Asante, 71) Rosa Parks stood didnt only stand up for herself, she stood up for racism. It must have been hard for her because not only was she an African American, she was also a woman, and back then things were much more difficult for women. Even though Rosa did something very courageous, some might say she isnt the best leader. Many leaders give speeches, lead demonstrations and write petitions. Rosa Parks didnt do any of these things. Other people were motivated to do these things because of her standing up for herself. (Asante, 71) The most important incident that happened in Rosas life occurred on December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks was riding the bus home from work like she did every day. But that day had been especially tiring. .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 , .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 .postImageUrl , .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 , .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2:hover , .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2:visited , .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2:active { border:0!important; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2:active , .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2 .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u61a629445fa912b54d1350b1ae44b4c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Truth About Thanksgiving Essay (Le Blanc, 190) The bus was a constant irritation to black people. The front four rows were reserved for whites (and remained empty even when there were not enough white passengers to fill them). The back section, which was always very crowded, was for black passengers. In between there .

Free Essays on Hamlet King Of Denmark

Hamlet-King of Denmark Hamlet is a young man in conflict with his emotions during the speech in Act 1 Scene 2. He feels emotionally devastated by the death of his father, the remarriage of his mother and the circumstances that now surround him. Hamlet feels torn between what he believes is morally right and good and what he feels would be the answer to relieving his angst-suicide. [â€Å"Or that the Everlasting had not fixed his Canon ‘gainst self-slaughter O’God, God, how weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable seems to me all the uses in this world†] Hamlet is furious with his mother, for being married. He finds it difficult to understand how she could have cried so many tears over the death of his father, and then so soon after that time, marry his Uncle. [â€Å"Why, she would hang on him as if increase of appetite had grown by what it fed on, and yet within a month-let me not thinkon ‘t; frailty, thy name is woman†] The rub with Hamlet is that his mother and father seemed happily married, and then after the father’s death, she is taken so easily to marrying the Uncle. The fact that she married the Uncle does not seem as upsetting to Hamlet, as the fact that she did so soon after the father’s death. This to Hamlet is unacceptable. He cannot imagine his mother having the strength or desire to get married, if she felt as devastated by his father's death as he does. These feelings are difficult for Hamlet to work through, and it seems that somehow it would be a relief to know his mother too was devastated and sad. [â€Å"A little month, or ere those shoes were old with which she followed my poor father’s body, like Nioke, all tears, why she, even she, O’ God a beast, that wants discourse of reason, would have mourned long-married with my Uncle†] I think the biggest issue for Hamlet during this part of the play is that he is sad, angry and feels like his life as he knew it has been forever changed. He is angry with ... Free Essays on Hamlet King Of Denmark Free Essays on Hamlet King Of Denmark Hamlet-King of Denmark Hamlet is a young man in conflict with his emotions during the speech in Act 1 Scene 2. He feels emotionally devastated by the death of his father, the remarriage of his mother and the circumstances that now surround him. Hamlet feels torn between what he believes is morally right and good and what he feels would be the answer to relieving his angst-suicide. [â€Å"Or that the Everlasting had not fixed his Canon ‘gainst self-slaughter O’God, God, how weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable seems to me all the uses in this world†] Hamlet is furious with his mother, for being married. He finds it difficult to understand how she could have cried so many tears over the death of his father, and then so soon after that time, marry his Uncle. [â€Å"Why, she would hang on him as if increase of appetite had grown by what it fed on, and yet within a month-let me not thinkon ‘t; frailty, thy name is woman†] The rub with Hamlet is that his mother and father seemed happily married, and then after the father’s death, she is taken so easily to marrying the Uncle. The fact that she married the Uncle does not seem as upsetting to Hamlet, as the fact that she did so soon after the father’s death. This to Hamlet is unacceptable. He cannot imagine his mother having the strength or desire to get married, if she felt as devastated by his father's death as he does. These feelings are difficult for Hamlet to work through, and it seems that somehow it would be a relief to know his mother too was devastated and sad. [â€Å"A little month, or ere those shoes were old with which she followed my poor father’s body, like Nioke, all tears, why she, even she, O’ God a beast, that wants discourse of reason, would have mourned long-married with my Uncle†] I think the biggest issue for Hamlet during this part of the play is that he is sad, angry and feels like his life as he knew it has been forever changed. He is angry with ...

HW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Ethics of Health Care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Union Organization Campaigns Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Union Organization Campaigns - Research Paper Example From the critical perspective, the overall efficacy of labor union and its ability to deliver entrusted objectives is largely determined with the effectiveness of union organizational campaigns and tactics utilized to achieve desirable goals. Unions can organize corporate campaigns ranging from various on-job actions and litigation to strike and negative publicity campaigns. The overall purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of union organizational campaign, its success or failure is to reveal combinations of tactics useful in specific labor actions that are associated with more coherent strategies for winning employer concessions. Since the late 1970s, scholars have taken notice of unions increased use of union organizational campaigns. Some view it as the means necessary to make labor more mobile and flexible, in order to keep up with how corporations have restructured themselves to compete in the global economy. Business has become â€Å"leaner and meaner† incorporating changes to increase productivity and cut costs (Champlin and Knoedler, 1999). Union organizational campaigns are attempts to address these new transformations in the economic environment through focused strategies executed to bring management into bargaining and counter unfriendly labor actions through targeting a company's points of vulnerability in order to decrease its profits (Heckscher, 1988). Others authors see the incorporation of new tactics as facilitating the overall expansion of union membership, resulting in a revitalized worker’s social movement. 's social movement. They estimate this will increase the status of unions through increasing the power of unions as a whole. This perspective supports restructuring in order to change values and objectives within unions so that they can gain external benefits, such as increasing membership (Moody, 1998). Reorganization would include forging multi-union connections to coordinate bargaining "across industrial lines to attack the centers of capital" (Moody 1998, p.341). Extended solidarity and mobilization could increase the legitimacy of picket lines, strengthen the ability unions to use their combined leverage to prompt equitable contract negotiations, and may garner widespread public support for workers. There is no consensus on how to define union organizational campaigns. There is also no conclusive classification of what actions and expected outcomes delineate the success or failure of a campaign. Kim Moody's book (1998), An Injury to All: The Decline of American Unionism, credited Ray Rogers as the first to coin the term "corporate

Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy

Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Microstructures and Magnetic Anisotropy Properties of Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Abstract This study investigated the microstructure, magnetic anisotropy and the trend of magnetic field induced strain in Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. At room temperature, a trunk-type ÃŽ ³ phase precipitates in the matrix phase and the grain boundaries in each specimen. The parent phase in each specimen is identified as L10-type martensitic phase with a (1-11) twinning plane, which prefer growth in (110) orientation after directional solidification. The magnetic anisotropy constant can evaluate 1.13Ãâ€"106erg ·cm-3 and 1.36Ãâ€"106erg ·cm-3 by Suckmith-Thompson method, respectively. The trend of twin martensitic rearrangement had evaluated by O’handley model and the result was revealed that the magnetic anisotropy energy in specimens was far greater than Zeeman energy difference across the twin boundaries and the twin martensitic can rearrangement to obtain strains in applied magnetic field. Key words: magnetic anisotropy; ferromagnetic shape memory alloys; twin martensitic; Suckmith-Thompson method; strains in applied magnetic field 1 . Introduction Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) exhibit large magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) and rapid response in the application of an external magnetic field, which was considered as potential candidate materials for magnetic controlled actuators and sensors[1, 2]. Several FSMAs exist including Ni-Mn-Ga[3-8], Co-Ni-Ga[9, 10], Ni-Mn-Al[1], Ni-Fe-Ga[2] and Co-Ni-Al[11-17] etc. Of these alloys, ÃŽ ²-base Co-Ni-Al alloys was drawn much attention because of their better ductility and low cost of constituent elements[18, 19]. In Co-Ni-Al alloys, dual-phase structure arises is of a great advantage for practical applications, due to tailor of mechanical properties of the ÃŽ ² phase and ÃŽ ³ phase. Generally, ÃŽ ² phase (B2, B.C.C.) in polycrystalline material is extremely hard and brittle, but the presence of ÃŽ ³ phase (A1, F.C.C.) can significantly improve the ductility with alloy[20, 21]. On the other hand, B2-type ÃŽ ² phase has transformed to the L10-type thermo-elastic martensite when temperature cooling below the phase transformation temperature and a large MFIS were found in Co-Ni-Al alloy due to the rearrangement of twin martensite variants in external magnetic field[22, 23]. In MFIS process, the magnetic anisotropy energy can lead the variant rearrangement in order that the magnetic easy axis was aligned parallel to the magnetic field direction when the magnetic anisotropy energy was larger than the energy driving variant rearrangement[24]. So, to obtain the magnetic anisotropy and the trend of twin martensite boundary mobility in FMSAs was very important. In this study, the microstructure and magnetic anisotropy in Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe were investigated. Furthermore, in order to establish out a useful direction in ferromagnetic shape memory alloy designs, the trend of magnetic field induced strain with ferromagnetic element Fe added in Co-Ni-Al alloy was discussed. 2. Experimental Procedure The samples with the composition Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 (at%) were prepared by arc-melting furnace using purity elements (>99.99%) under pure argon atmosphere. Ingots were melted four times to ensure the homogeneity and then suction cast into rods with a diameter of 3mm and a length of 70mm. The rods were grown used the liquid metal cooling directional solidification method in Al2O3 crucible at pulling rate of 100ÃŽ ¼m/s and temperature gradients of 800à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™/cm. In order to obtain microstructure of the specimens, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were examined. XRD were examined in the Philips PW170 using CuKÃŽ ± 1 radiation at a scanning angle of 10 °-90 ° and a scanning speed of 3 °/min. TEM was performed on a Philips CM12 and a Tecnai F20 super twin field emission gun TEM equipped with a Gatan imaging filter system. Specimens for TEM analysis were thinned by twin jet electro-poli shing in a solution of 5% perchloric acid and 95% ethanol. The magnetization was examined for selected samples using the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (Lake Shore 7407) with a maximum magnetic field of 1.5T at room temperature. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Microstructures The microstructure images of specimens are shown in Fig.1. It can be seen that a typical dendritic morphology in the specimens and the trunk phase are the Co-rich ÃŽ ³ phase, which precipitates in the matrix phase and the grain boundaries in each specimen. The ÃŽ ³ phase grows in Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 alloy is smaller indicating that Fe add in Co-Ni-Al alloy has a trend to formationtion more matrix phase. The matrix phase undergoes the martensitic transformation suggesting that the martensitic transformation start temperature (TMs) higher than room temperature. Fig.2 gives the XRD patterns of Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12. The spectrum peaks of the parent phase in each specimen is identified as L10 structure (martensite phase) with the small amount of the coexisting ÃŽ ³ phase (A1 structure), which is in good agreement with the observation of the micrographs. After directional solidification, the martensitic implies preferred (110) orientation in alloy Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 and the spectrum peak of ÃŽ ³ phase appears less orientation when Fe add in Co1.36Ni1.21Al alloy. Fig.3 shows TEM photographs and selected-area diffraction pattern of samples. It can be seen that martensite, whose transformation from ÃŽ ² phase, is tetragonal L10 structure. The twin martensite is spearhead-shaped, which is the presence of many black and white pinstripes regularly piled up. Fig.3b and 3d shows the electron diffraction patterns exhibiting the structural feature of the specimens. The patterns were taken with an incident electron beam parallel to the [011] zone axis and the primary diffraction spots are indexed for the L10 structure twin martensite with a (1-11) twinning plane. 3.2 Magnetic anisotropy The magnetizations of specimens as a function of applied magnetic field at room temperature are shown in Fig.4. The measured M-H curves for the a-plane direction can be saturated easily, while the magnetization for the c-axis is hardly saturated. Obviously, a-plane is the easy direction to magnetic, but c-axis is the hard direction. The value of coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms) with Co1.36Ni1.21Al alloy was about 102Oe and 43.72emu/g, respectively. Compared, the value of Ms was promoted from 43.72emu/g to 57.64emu/g and the Hc decrease from 102Oe to 53Oe in Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12. The axial magnetic anisotropy constant Ku of the sample was determined by the magnetization curves measured along and perpendicular the axis. The magnetic anisotropy energy Em was calculated by equation[25] (1): Em≈K2’sin2ÃŽ ¸+K4’sin4ÃŽ ¸ (1) Where ÃŽ ¸ is the angle between the magnetization and the c-axis; K2’ is the second-order magnetic anisotropy constant and K4’ is the fourth-order magnetic anisotropy constant. The value of magnetic anisotropy constant Ku is approximately equal to the sum of K2’ and K4’ as shows in equation (2): Ku≈K2’+ K4’ (2) After correcting the demagnetizing field, the value of magnetic anisotropy constant K2’, K4’ and Ku can evaluate by the Suckmith-Thompson method [24]using the equation (3): 2 K2’/Ms2+(4K4’/Ms4)M2=He/M (3) Where Ms is the saturation intensity; M is the magnetization and He is the effective field. From equation (3), the anisotropy constants can obtain from the graph of M2 and He/M: the slope being is 4 K4’/Ms4 and the intercept of Y-axis is 2 K2’/Ms2. Fig.5 is the graph of M2 and He/M of specimens Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 and the values of magnetic anisotropy constant K2’, K4’ and Ku were calculated in Table 1. However, the value of Ku in Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 approach same level compare with tradition FSMAs (NiMnGa[26, 27], Ku=-2.03Ãâ€"106 erg ·cm-3) and the lager value of Ku can provide greater magnetic anisotropy energy in applied magnetic field. 3.3 Dimensionless field normalized by anisotropy The magnetic field induced strains in FSMAs are explained by the rearrangement of twin boundaries in variants martensitic phase under the driving force of the Zeeman energy (MsH) difference across the twin boundaries. Twin boundaries with the large magnetic anisotropy can obtain great magnetic anisotropy energy in applied magnetic field. When the magnetic anisotropy energy is bigger than the energy driving variant rearrangement, the magnetic anisotropy energy can lead the variant rearrangement in order that the magnetic easy axis is aligned parallel to the magnetic field direction. The mechanism for twin-boundary motion shows in Fig.6. O’handley[28] was used dimensionless field parameter ha to express the relationship between Zeeman energy and magnetic anisotropy energy. The dimensionless field parameter ha can evaluate by the equation (4): ha=MsH/2Ku (4) When haaà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ®1, the magnetic anisotropy energy is not sufficient to overcome Zeeman energy and the material can’t obtain strain in applied magnetic field. In order to make sure trend of magnetic field induced strain of specimens, the values of ha were calculated and the result list in Table 2. Obviously, the values of ha in Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 alloys was smaller than 1. The magnetic anisotropy energy of specimens is far greater than Zeeman energy difference across the twin boundaries and the twin martensitic can rearrangement to obtain large strains in applied magnetic field. Furthermore, Fe added in Co-Ni-Al alloy can enhance the magnetic anisotropy and reduce the dimensionless field parameter ha as shows in Table 2. It was suggesting that Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 has lager trend of twin boundary rearrangement and it is a meaningful direction for material design of FSMAs. 4. Conclusion In order to obtain large magnetic field induced strain of MFIS at room temperature in Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 alloys, the microstructure and magnetic anisotropy and the trend of rearrangement twin boundary were investigated. A trunk-type ÃŽ ³ phase precipitates in the matrix phase and the grain boundaries in each specimen. The parent phase in each specimen is identified as L10-type martensitic phase with a (1-11) twinning plane, which prefer growth in (110) orientation after directional solidification. The magnetic anisotropy constant Ku of Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 alloys were evaluated to be 1.13Ãâ€"106erg ·cm-3 and 1.36Ãâ€"106erg ·cm-3, respectively. The trend of twin martensitic rearrangement has evaluated using O’handley model. The result is revealed that the dimensionless field parameter ha of Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 was smaller than 1 and the magnetic anisotropy energy in specimens was far greater than Zeeman energy difference across the twin boundaries. In this condition, twin martensitic can rearrangement and obtains large strains in applied magnetic field. Refernces [1] Fujita A, Gejima F, Ishida K. Magnetic properties and large magnetic-field-induced strains in off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Al Heusler alloys[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2000, 77 (19 ): 3054-3056. [2] Morito H, Fujita A, Ota T, et al. Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy in a single crystal Fe-Ni-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy[J]. MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS . 2003, 44 (4 ): 661-664. [3] Kimura A, Ye M, Taniguchi M, et al. Lattice instability of Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys probed by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2013, 103 . [4] Pagounis E, Chulist R, Lippmann T, et al. Structural modification and twinning stress reduction in a high-temperature Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloy[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2013, 103 . [5] Seiner H, Bodnarova L, Kopecky V, et al. The effect of antiphase boundaries on the elastic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga austenite and premartensite.[J]. Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal. 2013, 25 (42 ): 425402. [6] Pushpanathan K, Santhi R, Chokkalingam R, et al. Martensitic Transformation and Microstructure of Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2012, 28 (1 ): 72-78. [7] Pons J, Santamarta R. Crystal structure of martensitic phases in Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloys[J]. Acta Materialia. 2000, 48 (12 ): 3027-3038. [8] Likhachev A A. Magnetic-field-controlled twin boundaries motion and giant magneto-mechanical effects in Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloy[J]. Physics Letters A. 2000, 275 (1-2 ): 142-151. [9] Liu J, Zheng H X. High undercooling effect on magnetic shape memory Co-Ni-Ga alloys[J]. Materials Letters. 2006, 60 (13-14 ): 1693-1696. [10] Wuttig M, Craciunescu C. A new ferromagnetic shape memory alloy system[J]. Scripta Materialia. 2001, 44 (10 ): 2393-2397. [11] Scheerbaum N, Kraus R, Liu J, et al. Reproducibility of martensitic transformation and phase constitution in Ni–Co–Al[J]. Intermetallics. 2012, 20(1): 55-62. [12] Liu J, Li J G. Microstructure, shape memory effect and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Co–Ni–Al magnetic shape memory alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2007, 454–455: 423-432. [13] Bartova B, Schryvers D, Yang Z, et al. Microstructure and precipitates in as-cast Co38Ni33Al29 shape memory alloy[J]. Scripta Materialia. 2007, 57(1): 37-40. [14] Liu J, Zheng H X, Li J G. Effect of solidification rate on microstructure and crystal orientation of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys Co–Ni–Al[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2006, 438–440(04): 1061-1064. [15] Liu J, Huang Y L, Li J G. Microstructure and magnetic field induced strain of directionally solidified ferromagnetic shape memory CoNiAl alloys[J]. Scripta Materialia. 2005, 53 (1 ): 29-33. [16] Wang H Y, Liu Z H, Wang Y G, et al. Microstructure of martensitic phase in the Co39Ni33Al28 shape memory alloys revealed by transmission electron microscopy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2005, 400(1–2): 145-149. [17] Fujita A, Kudo T, Kainuma R, et al. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in a single-variant Co-Ni-Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloy[J]. Materials Transactions. 2003, 44 (10 ): 2180-2183. [18] Khandelwal A, Sharma V K, Chandra L, et al. The magnetic properties across the martensitic transition in the Co38Ni34Al28 alloy[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2012, 324 (5 ): 729-734. [19] Chatterjee S, Thakur M, Giri S, et al. Transport, magnetic and structural investigations of Co–Ni–Al shape memory alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2008, 456(1–2): 96-100. [20] Seiner H, Kopecek J, Sedlak P, et al. Microstructure, martensitic transformation and anomalies in c -softening in Co-Ni-Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloys[J]. Acta Materialia. 2013, 61 (15 ): 5869-5876. [21] Tanaka Y, Oikawa K, Sutou Y, et al. Martensitic transition and superelasticity of Co–Ni–Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloys with ÃŽ ²+ÃŽ ³ two-phase structure[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2006, 438–440: 1054-1060. [22] Maziarz W. Structure changes of Co–Ni–Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloys after vacuum annealing and hot rolling[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2008, 448(1–2): 223-226. [23] Maziarz W, Dutkiewicz J, Santamarta R, et al. Microstructure changes in two phase ÃŽ ²+ ÃŽ ³ Co-Ni-Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloys in relation to Al/Co ratio[J]. The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 2008, 158(1): 137-142. [24] Morito H, Oikawa K, Fujita A, et al. Large magnetic-field-induced strain in Co–Ni–Al single-variant ferromagnetic shape memory alloy[J]. Scripta Materialia. 2010, 63(4): 379-382. [25] Sucksmith W T J E. The Magnetic anisotropy of cobalt [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1954, 225(1162): 362-375. [26] Sozinov A L A A U. Giant magnetic-field-induced strain in NiMnGa seven-layered martensitic phase[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2002, 80(10): 1746-1748. [27] Sozinov A L A A. Crystal structures and magnetic anisotropy properties of Ni-Mn-Ga martensitic phases with giant magnetic-field-induced strain[J]. IEEE Trancations on Magnetics. 2002, 38(5): 2814-2816. [28] OHandley R C. Model for strain and magnetization in magnetic shape-memory alloys[J]. Journal of Applied Physics. 1998, 83 (6 ): 3263-3270.

Spelling and Differently: Kinship, Deception and Challenges :: Alice Munro Spelling Differently

Alice Munro's Spelling and Differently:  Ã‚   Kinship, Deception and Challenges  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The two short stories Spelling and Differently, written by Alice Munro, deal with female relationships.   These relationships paint a vivid picture of the kinship, deception, challenges, and associations that affect friends and family as they journey through life. "Spelling" is about the relationship of two women, Rose and Flo. Although from the outset the relationship between Rose and Flo is not clear, near the end the reader has no doubt they are mother and daughter.   Munro illustrates the awkward relationship between a parent and a child and the difficult problems that face children as their parents age.   After visiting the county home in an attempt to find a place for Flo to live,   "Rose spoke of the view and the pleasant rooms.   Flo looked angry; her face darkened and she stuck out her lip.   Rose handed her a mobile she had bought for 50 cents in the County Home crafts centre.... Stick it up your arse, said Flo" (Oates 151).   The reader sees no affection between the two.   In fact, the tone of the story illustrates a lack of acceptance and even disappointment by Flo and shows that there has always been a distance between the two. The title is derived from a patient Rose met at the nursing home whose only communication was spelling words.   After meeting this patient, Rose dreamed that Flo was in a cage and spelling words like the old patient she met in the nursing home.   Rose tells Flo about her visit to the nursing home and is obviously trying to influence Flo into going to the home.   Flo is suffering from some sort of dementia, perhaps Alzheimer's.  Ã‚   In this story the author doesn't tell the characters ages, Rose's occupation,   and other information necessary to develop a clear picture.   Instead, Munro makes the reader use more of ones imagination in developing the story.   Although Munro is not explicit, the story is about an unhappy relationship between a daughter and mother. In the story the narrator flashes back to a time in Rose's career when she was in a play with her breast exposed.   Flo showed her displeasure by writing her a letter that said "shame" and adding that if her father was not already dead, he would wish that he was (Oates 154).   Yet, the reader feels that Rose is still trying to earn her mother's respect and   love. Spelling and Differently: Kinship, Deception and Challenges :: Alice Munro Spelling Differently Alice Munro's Spelling and Differently:  Ã‚   Kinship, Deception and Challenges  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The two short stories Spelling and Differently, written by Alice Munro, deal with female relationships.   These relationships paint a vivid picture of the kinship, deception, challenges, and associations that affect friends and family as they journey through life. "Spelling" is about the relationship of two women, Rose and Flo. Although from the outset the relationship between Rose and Flo is not clear, near the end the reader has no doubt they are mother and daughter.   Munro illustrates the awkward relationship between a parent and a child and the difficult problems that face children as their parents age.   After visiting the county home in an attempt to find a place for Flo to live,   "Rose spoke of the view and the pleasant rooms.   Flo looked angry; her face darkened and she stuck out her lip.   Rose handed her a mobile she had bought for 50 cents in the County Home crafts centre.... Stick it up your arse, said Flo" (Oates 151).   The reader sees no affection between the two.   In fact, the tone of the story illustrates a lack of acceptance and even disappointment by Flo and shows that there has always been a distance between the two. The title is derived from a patient Rose met at the nursing home whose only communication was spelling words.   After meeting this patient, Rose dreamed that Flo was in a cage and spelling words like the old patient she met in the nursing home.   Rose tells Flo about her visit to the nursing home and is obviously trying to influence Flo into going to the home.   Flo is suffering from some sort of dementia, perhaps Alzheimer's.  Ã‚   In this story the author doesn't tell the characters ages, Rose's occupation,   and other information necessary to develop a clear picture.   Instead, Munro makes the reader use more of ones imagination in developing the story.   Although Munro is not explicit, the story is about an unhappy relationship between a daughter and mother. In the story the narrator flashes back to a time in Rose's career when she was in a play with her breast exposed.   Flo showed her displeasure by writing her a letter that said "shame" and adding that if her father was not already dead, he would wish that he was (Oates 154).   Yet, the reader feels that Rose is still trying to earn her mother's respect and   love.

Problems and Solutions with G4S

Every two years an Olympic host city led to a heated discussion in mainstream media and academic works. This paper aims to know and explore the overwhelming challenges and opportunities faced by the London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG), especially the security chaos that its security contractor company G4S PLC’s fail to provide all the staff promised. After analysis of the problem, this study will provide detailed information and some feasible strategies, completing with the critical evaluations of the merits and demerits of some solutions. 2. IntroductionThe London Organising Committee of Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) is responsible for preparing and staging the London 2012 Games, which is based in Canary Wharf along with the Olympic Delivery Authority. Along with the coming games, several unpredictable problems come out into public view. It is obviously the biggest concern has always got to be a safe and secure game. As a result of this serious iss ue, the world’s largest security company, G4S, is contracted by London 2012 Locog to keep the games safe. This study aims at analyze the problems founded during the contract and examining the appropriate solutions and recommendations.This analysis will consist of eight sections, findings of the evidences and the methods. * First of all, the paper outlines the background of both LOCOG and G4S. * Secondly, the specific descriptions of the problems given above, which presents the troubles it has encountered from different perspectives in the past days. * Finally, reasonable solutions to the problems with some basic assessments. Although the excellent image given by London during these Olympics have already ensure they successfully underwent the challenges, in any case, recommendations will probably beneficial for both LOCOG and the host city in the long-term run. . Background to the problem 3. 1 Brief description of the problems It began with a scandal concerning security when t he contractor firm G4S, which had a ? 284m contract to provide as many as security guards but could not supply enough personnel, apologized for the mishandling of its contractual obligations regarding the Olympic events. Furthermore, the G4S boss Nick Buckles said he regretted ever taking on the Olympic security contract, which was described as a â€Å"humiliating shambles†. In this case, it led to a further 3,500 troops being employed and among 17,000 troops are involved in helping keep the Olympics safe.Meanwhile a further 1,200 military personnel are on standby. 3. 2 Details about the relevant company and organisation ‘We will deliver the best possible Olympic and Paralympic Games experience for everyone involved, ensuring a real legacy and inspiring people to join in and truly make these ‘’everyone’s Games’’’ (LOCOG, 2012) . ‘With operations in more than 125 countries and 657,000 employees, we specialize in outsourced b usiness processes and facilities in sectors where security and safety risks are considered a strategic threat.In more ways than you might realise, G4s is securing your world’ (G4S, 2012). 3. 3 Reasons to explore the problem G4S claim it was a tight schedule and deploying security for the Games is a complex business, but, for such a successful experienced security company with huge contracts around the world, why has their recruitment process so badly failed? Furthermore, in terms of the organisers LOCOG, whether public utilities could be handed over to profit-driven private enterprise? 4. Analysis of the issue 4. 1 G4S’s recruitment and management ‘chaos’ Securing Your World’ is G4S’s maxim (G4S, 2012). However, it seems that the world’s largest security company failed at this time, especially regarding its own world. Although G4S started on the recruitment of management personnel as soon as it took over the order at the end of 2010, t he on-site security guards began to recruit until the beginning of the year (BBC, 2012). The recruitment drive hit the headlines for using a variety of online, printed and outdoor medias, thereby, G4S had made a successful attraction campaign which received more than 100,000 applications (MPs, 2012).They adopted a Just in Time (JIT) management model, which means not to do recruitment until the last moment, thus to avoid the redundant management cost and to deliver maximize efficiency. G4S hired college students and foreign nationals in low reward which was ? 8. 5 per hour compared with the legal minimum hourly wage was ? 6. 19 (BBC, 2012). The recruitment process seemed to be such a complex and unprecedented contract with required so many training, vetting and accredited personnel. Many people then realized it was a serious undertaking.Besides, the labour contract of the successful candidates was only a temporary contract during the Olympic Games, which the wages were pay by actual working day. What’s more, there was no salary during the training and the employees need to pay the uniform fee. The problem is not do G4S unable to recruit enough staffs, even those who are being hired, G4Sl still cannot guarantee the final attendance. Many employees who have completed training and contracted to work for G4S, were not being deployed. According to the recruiters’ experience in G4S, many of them had received no schedules, uniforms or training on x-ray machines.Meanwhile, they had been allocated to venues hundreds of miles from where they lived (BBC, 2012). 4. 2 Contract ‘chaos’ G4S originally signed a contract with LOCOG in 2010 to provide 2,000 security guards and the number raise to 10,400 in December 2011 with the contract now worth ? 284 million (BBC, 2012). The change in the number of personnel required by LOCOG along with the complex procedures required to be done by the applicants are key to understanding the failure of G4S’s matter. This let no time for even a giant private company such as G4S to provide sufficient number by around 400% increased.What's more, the government has agreed to the JTL approach that the security workforce would be in training until the last moment, which was supposed to reduce the security budget (BBC, 2012). A report published by Public Accounts Committee which is responsible for evaluating whether if government spending provides value for money, detailed that it was very concerned about the request for increased by LOCOG and warned that the Olympic budgets get overspend, it also raised concerns about its management of those funds (PAC, 2012).There exists a failure in contract negotiation of further workers between the supplier ‘G4S’ and the consumer ‘LOCOG’. The status has been stated (BBC, 2012) as this is standard practice for any company, which the practice of delayed hiring however will struggle to cope when the contract requirements change in c lose proximity to the event. However, Lord Coe (2012) has promised a ‘safe and secure Games’ despite the failure of G4S. He also insisted that ‘the right and appropriate thing to do is to put the challenge in proportion and to work together to ensure sufficient security guards’. Description and evaluation of some solutions 5. 3 Aims of the solutions In order to ensure the best performance in Olympic Games, several possible suggestions are provided to be reference. The private security in industry is large, fast-growing, and global, in the meantime, it is also perplexed by high turnover and poor training, so that the role of G4S function during the Olympics need to be well formulated and under supervision. 5. 4 As for G4S 5. 5. 1 To admit the possible problems within relative short time.G4S seemed to use the brinkmanship tactics as it didn’t admit their problems until a fortnight before the opening ceremony. Earlier research (Henderson, 1967) demonstr ated that brinkmanship in business is pushing a negotiation to the point of nearly killing a deal in order to achieve the most favorable terms when that deal is finally agreed upon. Brinkmanship often produces a negotiator’s great successes, but it can result in the worst mistakes, which exactly did by G4S, therefor must be used carefully.A risk management (defined in ISO 31000) or at least a risk assessment can be carried out, to mitigate risks under Brinkmanship strategy. Developing an effective Risk Management Plan (RMP) is an important part of any project. RMP is one of the nine knowledge areas defined in PMBOK (PMI, 2008). Firstly, a special risk management team is need to be establish, which may include employees from departments such as audit, information systems, finance and human resources. Secondly, perform a critical risk analysis which should identify, asses and measure the likelihood of an impact that event would have during period of contract.Thirdly, develop pr oper risk strategies, including risk transfer, insurance, retention, loss control, and avoiding risky activities. Also, the strategies program needs to be monitored closely, as all changes will be made keeping in mind the practical aspects of the program. Fourthly, implement a good employee training program. It is noticed that G4S has a really poor employee management which has drawn much attentions from public. There is no substitute for trained, knowledgeable personnel in a disaster.Therefore, RMP helps minimizing losses and reduces the negative effects of risks. However, it is only effective if both the company G4S and the staff act on the findings. It is important for company to follow through with any actions required and review the assessment on a regular basis. Also it faces difficulty in allocating resources and determining the rate of occurrence since statistical information is not available on all kinds of past incidents. 5. 5. 2 The poor operations management needs to be improved.One of the major methods is to improve the internal system, which is reported (BBC, 2012) by the Independent to be the root cause, had not delivered accurate management information back up to senior planners about the true state of recruitment, as a result in a barrier between outsource and services provider. It is quite unreasonable that such a big company has not established a completed internal system. Methods such as establishing a system of incident reporting, performing root cause analysis, defining intended results and establishing performance measures can be taken into practice.Nevertheless, whether an organization achieves operational and strategic objectives may depend on factors outside the enterprise, such as technological innovation which is outside the scope of internal system. Therefore, effective internal system cannot guarantee the achievement of the goals. Suitable staff recruitment and training programs are necessary to be instituted as it can provide war ning of deficiencies and allow chance to rectify the matter. The recruitment process and staff performance should be based on objective criteria assessment.Starting a complete and orderly interview process early and offer the certain training required 3-4 months before the date on people who are still available, therefore at least keep in contact with them so you know if they are available or not. 5. 5 As for LOCOG Cooperation and negotiations are of essential required during the contract period. The failure of the Olympic contract undertakes together by both sides. There is a need for constant directly communication and re-negotiate etween the LOCOG and G4S at high level to check on the existing contract and the progress. Effective contract monitoring can be apply to probably solve the situation. ‘When a public body purchases a service for vulnerable adults from an independent provider, the public body has moral and legal accountability for the duty of care and quality of the service. No matter how far the contract may try to locate legal responsibilities solely with the provider, the purchaser has responsibilities for what does and does not happen.Efficient and effective contract monitoring enables public bodies to fulfill and be comfortable with such responsibilities. ’ (Doug, 2006) Appropriate actions include inspecting and documenting results, making recommendations, providing technical assistance and training, advocating for programs, staff or inmates, and reviewing and preparing documentation. The monitor is also in the position of providing continuous feedback both to and from the Contractor and the Department.It does not direct operations of the Facility, but is more in the observer or the consultant role. 6. Conclusion To sum up, this study has examined the reasons why G4S failed from the contract with LOCOG by analyzing G4S’s recruitment and management chaos and the contract chaos. Meanwhile, the study has put forward several spe cific solutions to each problem, in which a RMP should be used to lower the risk, staff recruitment and training programs should be applied along with an effective contract monitoring. 7. RecommendationsA recommendation is made that the since the company seemed to brinkmanship strategy, a risk management plan therefore should be applied to reducing the potential risks It is proposed that the company needs to pay attentions to its operations management, including recruitment management and training programs, using technique such as risk management plan and just-in-time model to improve the performance of management. It would be helpful for both G4S and LOCOG to maintain a closely relationship which may be established by constant communication, or a special contract monitor. . Reference LOCOG, 2012. What is LOCOG responsible for? [online] Available at: ; http://www. london2012. com/about-us/the-people-delivering-the-games/locog/; [Accessed 20 August 2012]. G4S, 2012. Who we are. [onli ne] Available at: ; http://www. g4s. com/en/Who%20we%20are/; [Accessed 20 August 2012]. BBC, 2012. G4S profile. BBC, [online]17 July. Available at: ; http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-18868406; [Accessed 20 August 2012]. Public Accounts Committee, 2012, Committee reports on preparations for London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.London: The house of Commons. Robert, B. , Nick, H. , 2012. Olympic security chaos: depth of G4S security crisis revealed, theguardian, [online]13 July. Available at: ; http://www. guardian. co. uk/sport/2012/jul/12/london-2012-g4s-security-crisis; [Accessed 20 August 2012]. Henderson, B. D. , 1967. Brinkmanship in Business. Chester: The Boston Consulting Group. Project Management Institute, 2012. PMI Risk Management Professional. [online] Available at: http://www. pmi. org/certification/pmi-risk-management-professional-pmi-rmp. aspx; Accessed 24 August 2012] James, B. , 2012. Olympic task G4S’s problems were in training and vetting candidates, not in the original recruitment campaign. People Management, August Issue, p. 9. Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2006. Improving performance through effective contract monitoring. [pdf]. Available at: ; http://www. puttingpeoplefirst. org. uk/_library/Resources/BetterCommissioning/BetterCommissioning_advice/Chap10DGosling. pdf; [Accessed 22 August 2012]. Hannon, C. , 2012. Lessons from the G4S Olympic recruitment disaster.

Anglo-Saxon and Viking Mytholgy essays

Anglo-Saxon and Viking Mytholgy essays Back in the times of the Anglos and Vikings, myths and many different fantasies were told of the beginning and the end; creation and death were the most popular. These people explain the gaps between how and why of life to everybody in the ways they knew best. They used Oral Tradition as a way to communicate these problems and such. They would communicate using their myths, songs and legends. The popular place for these oral traditions were in the mead-halls. The problem with Oral tradition was that it would be passed person to person and myths and stories would be changed around, and no one in these days knows the ORIGINAL stories. In the Anglo-Saxon times Oral Tradition were told in riddles, songs, poetry and even in adventure tales. The stories and myths were focused on gods, heroes and warriors. They were at the top in the Anglos society. A very important god of the Anglos was Woden, according to them he was hung on a tree for nine days and nights and was pierced by a spear and in that he found wisdom, the secret of runes. Bilbo Baggins a Hobbit that is well respected in his town because he takes no risks and leaves safely at home. He faced many monsters that were very powerful, but he would use his clever mind to get him out of trouble. He found courage and gained lots of respect from others. ...

Removal of separate legal personality and the ‘veil of incorporation’ by the courts The WritePass Journal

Removal of separate legal personality and the ‘veil of incorporation’ by the courts Removal of separate legal personality and the ‘veil of incorporation’ by the courts ] EWCA Civ 525 it was held that the veil will be pierced when there is â€Å"evidence of fraud, illegality or a sham or if the company is a mere faà §ade concealing the true facts† (sections 213-215 of the Insolvency Act 1986, section 993 of the Companies Act 2006 and section 15 of the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986). It has nonetheless, been said that much difficulty arises with these exceptions as â€Å"veil piecing is not an end in itself but a means to an end† (Talbot, 2007: 29). Piercing the Corporate Veil Unless the circumstances of the case give rise to fraud or a pre-existing obligation, however, the courts will be unlikely to pierce the veil in its entirety; Pirelli Cable Holding NV v IRC [2006] UKHL 4. Arguably, the courts will â€Å"go to great lengths to avoid any obvious penetration of the corporate veil, whilst still making the sort of inquiries that would be satisfied by just such a process† (Watcher, 2007: 157). This ensures that doctrine is not being completely undermined, whilst at the same time providing protection to the public; Millam v Print Factory (London) 1991 Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 322. Given the confusion that this may cause, it is integral that the veil is only lifted in exceptional circumstances (French, Mason and Ryan, 2011; 124). This is because individuals will otherwise be discouraged from investing in companies (Ghaiwal, 2012: 3). Therefore, the courts should only be able to â€Å"draw back the corporate veil to do justice when common sense and reality demand it† as in Conway v Ratiu [2006] 1 All ER 571. Conclusion Although it would seem as though the doctrine of separate legal personality is being undermined by the existence of exceptions, it is important that these remain intact in order to protect the public from abuse. Hence, there needs to be a balance between the interests of the public and the interests of a company and its members. Whether this balance is currently being attained is arguable, though the courts will go to great lengths to determine each case on its own facts in order to maintain fairness. Thus, it is important that the veil of incorporation does not protect those individuals found to have been acting in an unlawful manner. At the same time, however, the integrity of the veil should also be preserved so that a company’s members are not being found personally liable when the company is genuinely suffering. References Adkinsion, R., (2008) Under the Influence? New Law Journal, Issue 7341. Beatson, J., (1991) The Use and Abuse of Unjust Enrichment: Essays on the Law of Restitution, Oxford University Press. Birks, P. (2004)Undue Influence as Wrongful Exploitation, Law Quarterly Review, 120 LQR 34. Davies, P. (2010) Introduction to Company Law, 2nd Edition, OUP Oxford. Fafinski S., and Finch, E., (2009) Law Express: Contract Law. Longman. 2nd Edition. Ghaiwal, S. (2012) ‘Chandler v Cape plc: Is there a chink in the corporate veil?’, Health and Safety at Work Newsletter, vol 18, no 3. Gulati, B., (2011) Intention to Create Legal Relations: A Contractual Relationship Necessity ot an Illusory Concept, Beijing Law Review 2, Scientific Research. French, D. (2011) Company Law, 28th Edition, OUP Oxford. Hopt, K. L. (2001) ‘Company Groups in Transition Economies: A Case for Regulatory Intervention?’, European Business Organisation Law Review, vol. 2, no. 1. McKendrick, E., (2011) Contract Law. Palgrave MacMillan. 9th Edition. Poole, J., (2006). Casebook on Contract Law, 8th Edition, OUP Oxford. Saha, T. K., (2010) Textbook on Legal Methods, Legal Systems Research, Universal Law Publishing. Smith, S. A., (1997) Contracting Under Pressure: A Theory of Duress, 56 Cambridge Law Journal 2. Talbot, L. (2007) Critical Company Law, Routledge. Walden-Smith, K., (2005) Protecting the Vulnerable – The Court of Appeal’s Decision in Macklin v Dowsett, Stone Buildings News, Available [Online] at: 5sblaw.com/images/file/5SB_Newsletter_4.pdf Watcher, V. V. (2007) The Corporate Veil, New Law Journal, vol. 990, no. 7218. Wildman, E., (2009) Setting aside a contract for mistake, The In-House Lawyer, Available online at: inhouselawyer.co.uk/index.php/contract/6101-setting-aside-a-contract-for-a-mistake //

Political climate of Venezuela Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Political climate of Venezuela - Essay Example Various articulations in regards to democracy have been under the limelight, keeping in mind that political unrest violence is the main issue that brings about further curtailment of democracy in this nation. Venezuela is among the countries that take into account the virtue of multiparty and hence leading to the imposition of martial law as well as curtailing democratic rights in Venezuela. The United States of America that is the superpower has been against those people in support of President Chavez, who has been at large providing leadership full of poor governance. Elections held in the year 2012 was full of conspicuous results in that the Venezuela government have been forced out to permit the essence of the audit which is known to have been articulated fraudulent activities hence this could in turn help in revising the outcome of the elections (Valente, 23-29). Political unrest has been the subject as far as the political climate of Venezuela is of concern. Chavez on the other hand in his regime has worked diligently to make sure that his supporters believe that what he has achieved in his political system was not through deception and collusion with independent media. Some of the crucial negative insist that Venezuela political system has deployed includes the termination of popular Chavista social programs well known as Misiones Bolivarianas should the opposition takes into account the victory on the prevailing elections. I concur with L Philharmonic under heavy criticism over political climate of Venezuela.

Communications 215 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communications 215 - Essay Example I agree with Ezenberger that the media has industrialized the human mind in the way that it has now come to influence our thoughts (Berger, n.d). In my own experience, whatever opinions I have on what is the best brand of toothpaste to use, or which shampoo gives the most silky hair, all come from what I have seen on television; without having access to a television, I would not have had these ideas at all. Moving onto how the media is "amusing" us to death, Postman believes that the main focus of television is to fill the human life with "triviality and incoherence," and to instill in us the belief that life is like some kind of circus show where the point is just to be entertained (Berger, n.d). For Postman, television is only instructing us what products to buy in order to bring excitement into our lives (Berger, n.d). While there are many television programs that try to educate viewers, I believe that most television channels have an agenda to simply amuse the audience and keep t hem in a sedated state where they do not care about the more important things in life. (A2) For Jameson, postmodernism entails a blurring of the lines between what is regarded as high culture and mass culture in modernism (Berger, n.d). Since postmodernism does not believe in metanarratives and is eclectic in the way it defines things, for Jameson postmodern art maintains no division between elite and popular culture, and that "anything goes," (Berger, n.d). The postmodern landscape is "degraded" in the way that it is composed of "schlock art" (Berger, n.d). I do agree that in the postmodern era there is a kind of art that eliminates the previous boundaries between elite and popular culture; for example, Marcel Duchamp constructed a ceramic urinal and passed this off as postmodern art, thereby blurring the lines between high and low art. (A3) Baudrillard's theory on the effects of media is influenced by the notion of simulacra; he claimed that in today's postmodern era which is domi nated by the media, there are not true copies of something, there are only "simulations of reality which aren't any more or less "real" than the reality they simulate," (Mann, n.d). For Baudrillard whatever we see in the media becomes our reality, and seems more real than what is actually real. These simulacras, these images of things that do not exist in reality, become part of hyperreality. As Baudrillard rightly states, postmodernism entails " the death of the real," since we are connecting more and more with media where the content "merely simulate reality," and thus living in a kind of hyperreality that is not real (Mann, n.d). I can see this in the way that we relate to actors on TV; I myself have spent hours with my friends discussing Blair and Chuck's relationship in the TV serial Gossip Girl, as if we personally know them. There are often times when I feel I can connect to people from TV shows more than I can relate to my own family. This all shows that media has created a hyperreality with simulacras that we are now relating to more than we relate to real life. (A4) For Rheingold, a smart mob has emerged from the onset of mobile phone technology (Berger, n.d). Smart mobs are characterized as groups of people who can be rallied for social and political campaigning though the use of mobile