Obesity: Logic and Marion Nestle

Obesity Who is Responsible for Our weight down? In the essay, Obesity Who Is Responsible for Our lading? Radley Balko explains his list on obesity we argon responsible for what we eat. overall, the authorizations were unaccented and persuading in this essay. iodine strength in his essay was his chief(prenominal) point, we are responsible for our own weight. He explains that we are in control of what we consume, and the regime should not be responsible for that. This engages the endorser to think, should we touchablely blame the government, or is ourselves to blame. This principal(prenominal) point legalates all his reasoning. new(prenominal) strength is his faculty to explain why government incumbrance is irrelevant to obesity. For example, he mentions that Oakland Mayor Jerry brown is conducting to stir a Fat impose on high calorie provender, where forage restaurants must list their fat, calories, etc. on to each one meal. And instead they should be promoting person-to-person-sense awareness. Overall this essay had more flunkes than strengths. Though his grimace of the argument is completely true, his reasoning werent clearly detailed. For example, Radley Balko tho targeted the governments noise on obesity.But what should have followed that is the fare industry businesses that allow this, not exactly the government. Not only did he insufficiency detail, but also he didnt consider the point of genetics. Some Americans do not become obese by choice, but by genetics. Those who are change by genetics may be very(prenominal) conscience of what they eat, but it be quiet does no justice because of their genes. This weakened his essay. Another impuissance is that he focuses too a great deal on the governments intervention on obesity instead he should have listed more reasons to why obesity is a in-person problem.Taken as a whole, the essay was very short, and took a piece of music to get to the point. Are You Responsible for Your hold Weight? I found this to be a very strong, interesting eristical essay by Kelly Brownell and Marion nuzzle. One strength relates to the fulfillment on attention grabbing in their opening sentence. Brownell and go up reminds us that the food industry is like some(prenominal) other business they must grow. This makes a valid point, and grabs the readers attentions which leads to wanting to read more.Mentioning the counter-argument that obesity is a face-to-face responsibility is also a strength. This tells the reader that she is understanding to the opposing argument, mend making hers very clear. Another strength is the fact that shake offs several examples why personal responsibility isnt to blame which includes obesity is growing year after year, its human biology for humans to be attracted to good food with high calories, the indifference approach of promotion of eating break away and exercising more has failed for multiple years, and how personal responsibility is a trap.Not only did they have multiple examples, they had clear reasoning for each example, which proves they thought out their argument on obesity. Although this was a very strong, convincing essay, there were a couple of weaknesses. The first weakness is the unawareness of governments real role in business. In America, our indemnity towards business relies strictly on the thought of Laissez Faire. Laissez Faire means allowing industry to be impeccant from state intervention, especially restrictions in the work on of tariffs and government monopolies.This is a very cognize concept to m either Americans, and this weakens her argument. Another weakness is Brownell and draw near mentioning theyre attentive to personal responsibility, but didnt clearly give any reasoning to that. Overall, they essay was very well structured and barely had any weaknesses. The essay Are You Responsible for Your avouch Weight? gives a more persuading argument. commencement of all this essay was c learly structured, which do it easier to read. The first essay was not as easy to read, and not as structured.Brownell and Nestle listed their reasoning, which made their points clear reassuring no confusion. Where as to Balko, there were barely any explained points in his essay, which made it hard to follow. Also, Brownell and Nestle are much more persuasive. They provided clear explained examples of why we are not the only ones responsible for obesity while Balko had picayune to none examples of why we are responsible. Altogether, Marion Nestle and Kelly Brownell provided a more effective argument on obesity and whose responsible for it than Radley Balko.

Bullying in the organization sby

When we speak of run-place blusterous, we argon actually referring to the verbal, natural, complaisant or mental assault that anes employer or manager, a nonher several(prenominal) or group of pot communicate out on a person. In other haggling it is the tendency of mortals to practise increasingly aggressive attitude towards a co- counterfeiter or be in truth exuberant towards him. This has be hang an increasingly dramatic playdamental problem that homophile alternative set off at to the highest horizontal surface memorial t fittedts squander to counter.What makes work swashing far much unwieldy to counter than school-yard blustering(a) is that it normally operates at bottom the rules and regulations prescribed by the musical arrangement and the society. Also, consort to Ichniowski and Olson (2000), study bullies generally use words and actions to intimidate their dupes, unlike playground bullies, who oft resort to using their fists. work yobing wh itethorn involve verbal, non-verbal abuse tactics, humiliation, physiological and psychological aggression.Workplace yobboing isnt peculiar(prenominal) to a certain type of work-surround, as it put upnister happen in all type of work condition, ranging from offices to workshops, from highly bureaucratic work environments, like the military, to highly passing(a) unmatchables. Workplace de stipulati singlent may feature different forms much(prenominal)(prenominal) as be rude or confrontational, damaging blank space that belongs to the scheme, social isolation, screaming and cursing others, physically assaulting them, and so on tally to Ichniowski and Olson (2000), psychological and social blustery usually involves verbal abuse, aimed at devising fun of unrivaleds work or the individual himself. This may include making fun of ones ethnicity, family, versedity, race, education, etc. Isolation is another means of inflicting psychological aggression upon an individual . Workplace bullies will in addition accent various methods of harassment and ballyrag to upset your mind and make certain(p) you atomic number 18nt able to focus on what you are supposed to, i. e. work.According to Lewis (2003), incase the bully is your boss or employer or supervisor, he or she might try to cast you pointless lines that realize no issue to do with your area of speciality or your cable description. The other extreme end would be assigning you occupancys that may be exceedingly boring, difficult or impossible to realize receivable to lack of meter, or purposely holding back information you guide for getting your work done properly. Similarly, one might be a victim of physical ballyrag, where one may be attacked or threatened.According to doubting Thomas (2005), acts of physical bullying include spitting, pushing, punching, shoving, kicking, tripping, scratching, grabbing, biting, attacking or expectant with equipment such as knives, club, gun, etc or whatsoever other type of direct physical contact. Physical bullying similarly includes sexual harassment, such as flashing or touching, or when you are made to do humiliating things in order to be accepted as part of a team, as stated byIchniowski and Olson (2000).Incase of physical bullying, specially, one should immediately report the matter to the law of nature and the employer or someone in the charitable imaging discussion section. One provoke withal revert to the fol baseing steps in order to deal with a body of work bully, as explained by Ichniowski and Olson (2000) Seek advice from a trusted individual or may be a mentor, who might be available in the same system of rules or even outside, who may train been through a similar circumstance One can in any case try to confront the bully in a professional manner, only when keeping in mind ones get safety and giving it top priority.One should bewilder as calm as possible, and no sink to his or her level, and yel l or threaten, as more often than not this is what bullies are looking for in the beginning place. And neither should one show failing and cry, cause that might again trigger the bully to come back for more One shouldnt allow the bully to make one feel low self-esteemed, because only when the individual would know his or her true worth or mental object One should focus on the task in hand and try to do it well, because the bullys goal is approximately often to try and fail you in your job One shouldnt let the bully isolate oneself from friends and colleaguesTo date, the phenomenon of piece of work bullying is eer associated with managers or colleagues who are the perpetrators, but that may not ever be the case. on that point is something kn aver as upward(a) bullying which may exist in organisations. In this case managers are actually the target. that since it is real rare, not much interrogation or attention has been given to it. A recent explore conducted on upward bullying by students of Griffith University, shows that work environment, interchange within organizations and power issues are the study contributing factors to upward bullying.According to Kelly (2000), organisations usually do not take piece of work bullying by the neck, their policies are usually damage which enables bullies to take advantage. In most cases the Human Resource subdivision is aware of who the attacker is, but they usually wait for something mislabeled to happen, i. e. if its not illegal harassment thither is no effort made to destroy it. According to Kelly (2000), a look into conducted by the University of Illinois indicates that body of work bullying occurs 4 times as denouncely as compared to illegal forms of harassment or discrimination.WORKPLACE BULLYING AND THE motley-heartedity RESOURCE DEPARTMENT However, ideally speaking, an organisation would be better off winning strict action and notice against workplace bullies themselves rather than a llowing individuals to do so. The first and first step for them would be to come up with an anti-harassment form _or_ system of government, or try to expand an real anti-harassment policy if it hasnt proven to be effective enough. Such a policy would also incite witnesses to come forth and either second the targets claim or dismiss them.Also, the merciful resource department should try to organise a dispute resolution process. This would encourage the targets to step forward sooner. According to Zapf and Einarsen (2001), the human resource department should also admonisher the turnover rates and stress-related compensation claims taken by the workers within every department and every manager, so that even if a manager who is guilty of workplace bullying goes unreported, such an analysis ca take away him into the limelight.Another orgasm to tackling workplace bullying would be to offer courses and provision to the supervisors and teach them to strike hard employees with out offending them. Also, in the present scenario, where, companies, especially the bigger ones shed a well-diversified work force, the Human Resource should take claims of workplace bullying very seriously, because if they fail to compensate such claims seriously, it would result in advertise isolation and mistrust on part of the employee.The leading along with the Human resource Department should realise the grave consequences workplace bullying may have on the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the organisation. According to Kelly (2000), in approximately 80% of the cases, the employees productiveness is adversely affected. This unreasonable behaviour also affects the mental and physical health of the employees, resulting in a decrease in the job satisfaction and job involvement. According to Vartia (1996), it causes a decrease in the employees morale, resulting in higher(prenominal)(prenominal) turnover rates.This also causes long term loses to the organisation as they employees that are bullied may sooner or later set off their jobs, this increases the comp some(prenominal)s overall ad expenditure, as they have to advertise frequent job vacancies, and also train the fresh employee and explain him the job description and the kind of work he would have to perform. Now, the human resource department may serve to issues related to workplace bullying in 5 different ways. The first one is called the Mafioso, which is perhaps the worst stance HR can take with regards to such a situation.In this case even though the HR is aware of the problem and the aggressors, they are not inclined to take any(prenominal) action. In other words they actively come in in bullying employees and support such activities from every possible angle. The second approach is called the Ostrich, where the HR department come up with muffled and sandy responses to reports of workplace bullying, such as saying that, we do not have such problem at the workplace nor are we gong to have one, etc. The third stance is termed as fire-fighter, where the Human Resource Department is overloaded with work, and they do not have time to focus or concentrate on such matters.WORKPLACE BULLYING AND THE LEADERSHIP by from the Human resource department itself, leadership of that specific organisation has a very important role to play in managing and curtailing employee behaviour and preventing workplace bullying. If the leader can take a stand against any such activity, the chances of occurrence may drastically drop automatically. attractors motif to find oneself all employees equally and avoid any biases when treating employees, as stated by Rayner and barrel maker (2003). They should prohibit from doing acts that portray favourism towards a particular employee or a group of employees.EMOTIONAL parole AMONGST INDIVIDUALS Also what might be of profound help when managing workplace bullying in organisations is if the individual has a higher degree of ablaze wisdom . It helps employees manage their own inclination along with the mood of the organization. It instils in them a greater degree of self-awareness and empathy allowing them to read and range their emotions while being able to intuitively grasp how others feel and gauge the horny state of the organisation. According to Goleman (2000), there are five components to worked up intelligence.Self-awareness is the trait where horny intelligence actually begins, such individuals are neer hesitant to talk about(predicate) and discuss their weaknesses and it is this attitude that later bugger offs upon a positive change in them as they are able to improve upon their weaknesses with the loss of time. According to Sheehan (1999), this helps them bring about a positive change as one becomes aware of his or her limitations and one knows when and where he or she can actually tog out and deliver regardless of the obstacles that may come his way.The second trait is self-regulation, and individ uals with this trait can control their emotions and impulses better and channel them for practiced purposes. This brings about an openness to criticism in their attitude and behaviour, and increases their trustworthiness and integrity, and also helps them proceed comfortable in ambiguous and unreasonable situations and scenario, as discussed by Sheehan (1999). So, an individual with higher degree of self-regulation is never intimidated or threatened from workplace bullies, and he never reacts to any of their actions, which is what the bullies ideally want.Motivation is perhaps the most important trait and the most explicit one that an individual is judged upon in an environment where workplace bullying is rampant. The individual demand to self-motivate himself to performing his job and the tasks assigned to him without persuasion too much about what activities or attitude other employee or employees have towards him. It portrays the optimism of the individual, and his dedication to the organisation, such that he is able to find positives from every negative thing that happens in his life, so it has to do more with the mind than anything else.Understanding the emotional makeup of others is referred to as empathy. In order to tackle workplace bullying, it is important for the individual to understand wherefore the aggressor is trying to bully him, and what is he trying to achieve from such an act. This can greatly help individual in managing himself and his emotions and react the right way and not lose focus, as explained by Sheehan (1999). The pass away trait that comes under emotional intelligence is the social skills of the individual.It is the proficiency in managing relationships and edifice networks that can greatly help an individual to overcome the effects of workplace bullying. It is always a good feeling to have some support on your own side. This may also help in finding common grounds amid individuals who are aggrieved and the bullies and it also enables one to mannikin rapport. It also improves his persuasiveness and the ability to attain and lead teams. THE CHALLENGE OF CULTURAL CHANGES As puffd earlier, workplace bullying is a problem that is more common than what people anticipate or realise.It not only impacts the individual himself, but also the organisation and the society itself is affected. And apart from resulting in befuddled productivity, there are other risks that it bring along for the organisation, which include legal expenses and resolving payouts. Many believe that changing the organisations culture is the way forward. The argufy for the Human resource department is to fit the prevailing problem of workplace bullying. They also need to identify how much of it is contributed due to the loop holes in the office rules, which describe an employees conduct when at work.They also need to identify how much of an impact has training had in shaping their attitude and behaviour. thus comes the most import ant step, whereby, the human resource department needs to identify concrete approaches to nurturing a culture that reduces bullying. Last but not the least, the Human Resource Department needs to identify a long-run approach to tackling such issues, i. e. they need to chew over a long-term strategy to crush out workplace bullying. References Cooper (eds. ), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace.International Perspectives in research and practice (London, Taylor and Francis) Cooper, L (eds. ), Bullying and aroused Abuse in the Workplace. International Perspectives in research and practice (London, Taylor and Francis) Goleman, Daniel. (1998) What Makes a Leader? , Harvard Business Review. Ichniowski, Casey and Craig Olson. (2000). The American Workplace Skills, Compensation, and Employee Involvement. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Kelly, David. (2000). Workplace Bullies Dump Bull on Co-Workers. operational http//workplacebullying.org/press/hrwire. html. Last acces sed 18 folk 2008. Lewis, D. (2003), Voices in the social construction of bullying at work, International journal of Management and Decision Making, 4, 1. pp. 65-81. Rayner, C. & Cooper, C. L. (2003), The black hole in bullying at work research, International ledger of Management and Decision Making, 4, 1. Pp. 47-64. Robbins, Stephen P. 2004. Organizational Behavior. freshly York Pearsons. Sheehan, M. (1999), Workplace bullying responding with some emotional intelligence, International daybook of Manpower, 20, ?, pp 57-69 Thomas M. (2005), Bullying among support staff in a higher education origination, Health Education, 105, 4, pp. 273-288. Vartia, M. (1996), The sources of bullying psychological work environment and organisational climate, European ledger of Work and Organisational Psychology, 5, 2. pp 203-214. Zapf, D. & Einarsen, S. (2001), Bullying in the workplace Recent trends in research and practice an introduction, European Journal of Work and Organisational P sychology, 10 (4), pp. 369-373.

'Problems posed by ‘cybercrimes’\r'

'Cyber ab physical exercise is defined as those wickednesss involving abuse of electronic media or the teaching contained in it by influencing the calculators functioning or the functioning of its dodging to the detriment of some red-hot(prenominal) indivi triples/organizations. The emerging breeding engine room tr poles stomach seen has seen increased use of computers across the globe. This quick expansion in statuss of information communication technology capability to receive bulk of information has seen enormous transmittance system across the internet and computers daily.With this increased transmission there has emerged a new cut in pitiful sourivities. In im lay downr it has created window for perpetration of harmful activities by reprehensible organization. A nonher fundamental act a come up from internet and computer usage is quick appropriation. The ontogenesis of oft(prenominal)(prenominal) wickednesss existence perpetrate once against compu ters, and the corresponding information in computers is bit by bit faulting attention towards the threats constitute by cyber disgusts. This is coupled by the anonymity of much(prenominal)(prenominal) umbrages as well as the little aw ar population cosmos preyed upon.The camouflaging character of much(prenominal) crimes so pre moves new repugns to the fair play enforcement agency due to the inevitable contend to transform in repartee to this ever-changing criminal landscape. In access escape of proper lawful structures and statutes collect condemned businesses and the single presidencys to there own discretion in defend themselves against cyber crime. such measures employed acknowledge the technical measures stimulateed at securing their systems. However, this is not profuse to secure the existing cyber space from criminals.There is an special need for application of the rightfulness in urge oning this emerging menace. This paper exit analyze the respective(a) types of cybercrimes, the problems they redact to the jurisprudence enforcement agencies and in conclusion analyze the adequacy of the cyber crimes laws in Australia in comporting with the problems posed by cyber crimes. Understanding the problems that cyber crime pose to the modern commonwealths requires a deeper understanding of the conglomerate brass instruments that such crimes take.Cyber crimes in different forms which take; denial of service (DoS), identity stealth, stubble, piracy, pornography, hacking, unautho pass overd modification, viruses, unaccredited copying, credit table crime, extortion, phishing, spoofing, cyber aspersion and salami attack among others. Denial of service take ins such acts by criminals aimed at flooding of victim’s network bandwidth of overloading of a victims postbox with spam thence denying the victim main course to his entitled services accessibility/provision.Unlike the primeval days DoS where simple barbs generated and sent attack packets fro unity descent to some other external source, such attacks sop up alter to incorporate use of attacks from single source to multiple destinations as well as multiple sources to single destinations. However, the most late ramp upment which involves use of self propagating worms has increasingly created a new twist to re satisfy to such attacks. Hacking on the other moot has emerged as a regular crime as technology continues to advance.Hacking basically involves outlawed computer systems intrusion as no permission is sought from the users/ possessor of the intruded system. to a greater extent or less of hacking is practically attributed to teenagers as well as young adults. Hacking is often considered an art of geographic expedition by computer technology buffs who absorb in computer exploration quite a than being intent on committing crime. The hackers often use hacking as a locus to displaying their skills and not as a tool of ha rming others.Virus dissemination on the other overstep involves release of malicious softw be system’s that often attach themselves to the existing softwargon application resulting into a range of system detriments including system retardation and information send among others. Such accommodate; worms and Trojan long horse among others. Pornography on the other glove has emerged as a successful point of inter partition in e-commerce that often applies deceptive techniques in its marketing most common being the mouse trapping technology.However, the ease of accessing such cites level off to children is increasingly raising concern. meshwork relays blurt servers pay off likewise emerged as suitable avenues for criminal come acrossings from anywhere in the world. Hackers too are cognise to use such sites in discussing of their various exploits and sacramental manduction of information on the same. In addition Pedophiles have been cognize to use such sites in luring of children to their activities. Such avenues have thus holded avenues for increased criminal activities and planning.Credit card sendup has withal increasingly grown to a greater extent especially when the card’s number are utilise in unguaranteed electronic trans deed resulting into the credit card numbers being stolen by hackers who end up misusing the cards through and through owner impersonation. Such fraudsters have in addition been cognize to use advanced techniques in duplicate of credit cards. An emerging trend has also emerged where the confidential information of companies is il wakelessly copied with the aim of extorting huge sums of m iy from the company.Phishing has also emerged with the rising of technology where information confidential to spread abroad card holders in pecuniary institutions is pulled out through deceptive ways. Spoofing on the other tidy sum involves use of one computer in assuming another computer’s identity. Another f orm of cyber crime involves fate where defamatory messages are posted on the internet regarding an individual. Likewise chaff has emerged as a form of crime where the criminals cutaneous senses individuals using the messages they use inwardly the chat rooms.Salami attacks have on the other overturn used to perform crime acts that involve in material measuring sticks deduction from customer’s bank accounts and depositing it into their accounts. Such varied disposition of cyber crimes presents with it varied challenges to the law enforcement agencies. Latest significant form of cyber crime is the Nigerian 4-19 project where letters supposing presence of large amount of money in which the victim is necessitate to help are distributed to prominent business, and pro personalities with the aim of hoodwinking them.Law enforcement agencies have had to reckon with the emergence of this new form of crime that comes with a variety of challenges in addition to its shifting land scape. Often such challenges may be classified as technical, juridical or ethical. Technical problems pose the greatest challenge to law enforcement agencies more so, on the render of traceability more so considering the anonymous nature with which such crimes are perpetrated. It is always super cumbersome to locate the IP compensate from which such crime occur.Under such cases the criminals at judgment of convictions use other persons IP address to connect to a triplet party who wherefore is unable to name the actual source of the crime. Such connections are done using proxies with socks4 and socks5 proxies often used by criminals. Often criminals are known to resource proxies through use of machines belong to innocent and unaware users. Such present a challenge to law enforcement agencies in their quest to track down cyber criminals.Criminals are also known to use fast-flux networks in making of website resistant to firewall website filters and any attempts at law agenci es to track them down. Such criminal activities always direct attempts to access the IP address to some arbitrary golem machine. Convicting of cyber criminals upon arrest may also prove cumbersome due to lack of order in such compositors cases that the criminal has encrypted his/her computers data. This thus presents the challenge of obtaining evidence even in such circumstances where the criminal has been positively identified.In addition tracking down such crimes in order to gain of the essence(p) evidence is difficult considering that the criminal performance’s traces disappear as in short as the connection is broken such a challenge may also be attributed to the over-reliance exhibited by law enforcement agencies on ISP’s rather engaging in a day to day co-ordination with the brookrs as this would enhance quick tracking responses. Ignorance also plays a study role in inhibiting the attempts by law enforcement agencies to fight cyber crime.Most of such crime often goes unreported as ether the victims are unaware that the performance may be classified as criminal or by holy lack of information. Large institutions like banks are also known for failing to report such incidence with the aim of protecting their public image from getting distorted. former(a) cases are lone(prenominal) brought to lighter later a considerable period of time has elapsed and any evidence that would have aided prosecution has been lost. The digital technology as well as calculate convergence has changed the ways of life.Unprecedented criminal opportunities have emerged with some unforeseeable criminal activities bonny a reality. This comes with the need for prosecutors to possess good knowledge to deal with these emerging crimes. clutch training of the relevant law enforcement agencies to meet the competencies exhibited by such criminals is also a fundamental dilute. Most countries, more so the underdeveloped countries lack entrapively practised person nel to counter the activities of the criminals.The moral underpinning of cyber crime is also bound to pose a challenge to the law enforcement agencies as their action aimed at reacting to the same may be interpreted as a mankind right violations. Such may include arbitrary researches in quick response to an ongoing connection which may be interpreted as a search without warrant. On the other seeking a search warrant may provide adequate time for the perpetrator to reach connection before identification.Jurisdiction problems likewise remain a study challenge to the law enforcement agencies in fighting of cyber crime. Cyber crime is known to take a multinational sight across various countries borders. The fundamental getting even then arising is the issue of sovereign jurisdiction. In USA V Griffiths, the research of dual criminality was raised and the consequent essential for existence of the same to consent tos criminal extradition. period one country may have already r ecognized a respective cyber offense as constituting a criminal offense, the other may have not. The resultant act then would allow a criminal to operate from one given country without fear of facing sound action and harming victims of another country. The cases clearly illustrated the extent to which judicial barriers may hinder law enforcement agencies from proceedsively performing their duty and apprehend such criminals.In R v BODEN the existing legal nutriment proved in ample to last prosecution of Mr. Boden resulting to his release. In addition the question as to who holds jurisdiction likewise presents an bar to law enforcement agencies in fighting cyber crime. When a criminal commits the crime in one country but it affects an individual in another country, there exist no clear legislations that prescribe the country on whose laws such an individual should face prosecution.The major jurisdictional problems facing law enforcement agencies in fighting cybercrime can be su mmarized as being the lack of harmonized rules in qualifying offences as cyber crimes within various solid grounds legal structures, lack of laws empowering investigatory agencies in various states capabilities to trail crime across the borders and lastly inadequacy of laws allowing international cooperation to allow cross border prosecution. In the hold up â€Å"Underground” by Dreyfus a on-key story about an underground computer group threat predated the internet for more than ten years is narrated.The group was incriminate of having hacked into secure systems including; the Citibank, the pentagon NASA, NATO among others. It took several raids by two the federal police and the police agencies to bring down the group. The group was subsequently brought to run under the telecommunications act of 1991which was cited as outlining the legal proceedings surrounding cyber crimes. The penalty levied on the four who hacked major secured websites has been subject to reprehensio n more so regarding the weight of the declare in relation of the magnitude of the crime committed.The crimes if physical would have otherwise been considered spartan and would have attracted sever sentence. This once again puts into spotlight the effectiveness of the Australian laws in dealing with such crimes. The question arising then was whether or not these regulations are sufficient enough to curb the cyber crimes menace. The latest aviator on anti money launder offers stiffer penalties accompanied with possibility of long term imprisonment thus meting out comparative penalties which could have a deterrent effect on such crimes.The 1991 telecommunication act incorporated subdivision 74 and 76 criminal code of Australia in illustrating the issue of aircraft carrier and data. The legislation describes carrier and data considered property of the Australian commonwealth. The law includes data originating from commonwealth computers as well as data into the commonwealth compu ters as constituting carrier and data within the section definition. unofficial access to commonwealth computers is classified as criminal under section 76(b)-1 with section 76(b)-2 describing what qualifies as unauthorized access. component 76(b)-3 expounds further to deal with acts that impeded, destroy or after data. partitioning 76(D) on the other hand emphasizes the on the mode of entry while section 76(e) specifies the prescribed punishment for individuals who contravene the provisions of the aforementioned sections. Unlike the previous cases where germinal adaptation was applied in move to deal with new crimes, the act shortly addresses specialised cases of computer crimes. For instance in the 1980’s the reported cases faced difficulties regarding whether or not legislation on theft could be applied to computer hackers.In the rulings the judicature held that information was not property and thus incapable of being stolen. Based on this, Gordon Hughes at one point suggested that hacking of computers could not be considered to constitute an act of theft. However, the telecommunication act, 1991 prescribes specific clauses that handle such cases. Section 76 of the act not only addresses the issue of unauthorized access and culpable copying, but goes further to include resulting redress of such access as constituting a criminal offense.Another milestone made by the Australian laws in fighting cyber crime is evidenced by the Victorian state parliament’s amendment of the 1958 Crimes Act abstract cater for cyber stalking crimes. The act caters addressing cyber stalking eliminating the cumbersome need for proof of a wrongdoers conduct is such circumstance where the offered meant harm. The legislation goes along way in solution the burden of proof shouldered on law enforcement agencies in addition to the concomitant that unlike its predecessors it offers provisions for extraterritorial jurisdictions.It is Copernican to note the burden o f proving evidence that an offender was stalking was quite cumbersome given the fact that the evidence would disappear as soon as the communication was broken. However, with this new law an offender is considered to have meshed in a criminal by virtue of having meant harm in his/her activity. The cyber crime act has in addition addresses amends and computer related offenses offering more extensive approaches. It was formulated in air travel with THE recommendations of the Model Criminal Code policeman’s committee.E-commerce has also been on the rise to more so in Australian and USA. The number of internet banking service being offered is constantly on the rise. The Australian government to deal with fraud related issues in this area has a series of legislations that ascendence such operations. Such include; the product of crime act 1987 which has the effect of obligating financial institutions to maintain all transactions records for succeeding(a) references, the paymen t systems regulation, 1998 within borrows a bus from the Wallis report.The Wallis legislation establishes three key regulators of e-commerce viz.; The Reserve Bank of Australia, The Australian prudential Regulation Authority and the Australian Securities and Investments Commissions. Such emerging legislations in Australia have had the effect of sealing some of the loopholes that would have let such crime activities go undisciplined like the DPP v SUTCLIFFE, the magistrate’s judicatory considering the trans-boundary nature of the crime in question, considered it as not being in collocation to effectively handle the matter.The Victorian peremptory Court’s decision further in effect came in to economize the situation to an extent by establishing jurisdiction of the court. Nonetheless the applicability of the crimes act 1958 facilitate posed a challenge to the court in its examination of the reasons that made stalking a criminal offense. This hush up corpse a chal lenge as even the 2003 amendment in its section 6(3) still makes specific to such cases with regard to limitations of the courts in the light of the individuals rights.The cases essentially reflected some of the hurdles provided for by the law in the fight against cyber crimes. While the Australian law has made major milestone in dealing with cybercrime within its territory, trans-national cyber crime still remains a challenge. In US v Griffiths, for instance the Australian legislations allowed for extradition of a suspect to face charges in the USA, however, the same cannot be say of other countries whose citizens commit crimes against Australian systems.Most countries still lack legislations that would provide grounds for such extraditions. This step was inline with both the international and the European conventions on cyber crimes which stressed the need for nation’s cooperation and unity in the fight against this vice. The convention just like the Australian laws undert ook an extensive elaboration of the various forms of cyber crimes emphasise the need for the member states and other signatories to develop legislation on the same.Unlike the early 1980’s where the legislation focused on criminalizing unauthorized access to computer systems without considerations of the inadequate investigative authority and penalties, recent reforms in Australia have taken a more lifelike approach to safeguard computer systems integrity having acknowledged their centrality and commercial value. The cyber crimes act offers the much needed national model for legal response to cyber related offenses. The act possesses transnational aspects as constituted in the European Council Cyber Crime Convention.This allows expanded jurisdictional scope. The Australian cyber laws adequately prepares it to respond to the emerging cyber crimes more so considering the larger extra-territorial jurisdiction which recognizes both multijurisdictional dimension presented in Aust ralia and overseas jurisdiction. Laws expanding on search warrant and conduction of blanket surveillance have additionally had the mend on facilitating gathering of evidence. In customary the Australian legislations provide adequate tools in dealing with the cyber crime menace.\r\n'

'The Best Game Ever Made\r'

'It was the beg figure of February of my senior(a) social class in high school. I had been teach for months leading up to try pop outs for the baseb exclusively police squad so I was in the outflank shape of my life and I was confident. The departed three years before that I was assign on the JV squad up because the coaches didnt handle my â€Å"attitude”, so my senior year I was determined to earn got a start uping secern on the varsity police squad no number what. During tryouts the coaches would al focusings look at me wish well I didnt belong and would whisper intimacys amongst themselves dependable quiet profuse so I couldnt hear.I knew I would have to work arder than any single nerve-racking out to make the team and that is just what I did. I got my spot on the team. Workouts for varsity base thud at capital of the United Kingdom High School were some of the hardest things I had ever done barely I knew that it would be worth it once the conciliate rolled around. We ran, lifted, ran, ran and then we ran. It was exhausting but rewarding. Towards the end of our finish offseason workouts the team started to throw inside(a) the gym so our arms would be ready once it got warm enough to go outside. Two weeks of that and e realbody on the team were worn thin with each other, the biz and the oaches.It fin altogethery got warm enough to go outside and I was ready to video display my coaches that I had what it took to start for the London ruby Raiders. They put me in leftover field of operation because they knew I could catch very well. It didnt start out too well for me the primary couple of practices but once I got my throws down I felt like there was nothing that could stop me. I was fighting for a starting spot with a Junior who did not be to be playing on a varsity field. I knew then that each I had to do was keep the mistakes toa minimal and the starting spot would be mine. I was right.I earned my starting spot and play well through the first cardinal naughtys of the season but the at-batter thing that couldVe happened to me, happened. It was naughty fifteen against Westland and we were up 4-0. A thump was hit to down the left field line and the only way I could make the catch was to clunk so that is exactly what I did. I caught the ball but I in like manner broke three ribs while do the catch. It felt like somebody was easily pushing a hot spit in to my rib cage and plait it. I couldnt breathe let whole stand up so I had to get help to the dugout. The doctor told me thatI would have to sit out at to the lowest degree ten games to let my rips properly heal. ex games later our record was 20-5 and we had a respectable chance of making it to the state finals. Our first game of the playoffs was against Columbus Mifflin which was easily the worst team we had played all season. The guerilla game was against Bishop Watterson. It was the top of the seventh inning and we were winning by o ne escape at home. exclusively we needed was one more out to win the game and move on to the regional finals. at that place was a runner on piece and third with Wattersons best hitter at the plate.The second pitch of the at bat he hit a ball that I knew was going over my strait as soon as it came off the bat. I immediately started running square(a) back and looked back for the ball by and by I had traveled about fifteen yards but couldnt find it at first. erst I did find it I realize that it was going over my left lift so I turned my As soon as I caught it, all I could think about was all of the months of hard work I had put in to making the varsity team. All of the drills and lifting I did by myself to make myself better.All of the quantify and effort I put in to baseball instead of going out very weekend or academic term around doing nothing. I stood up with the ball in my glove and instantly got tackled by my best friend who was playing concentrate field. Thats when it hit me that I made the game winning catch to send our team in to the regional finals. Ever since that twenty-four hour period I have always been very confident in my abilities to play baseball and that only increased when I was called by the head coach of Clark State residential area College and asked to play at the collegiate level. tho still to this day, that one catch, was the best chip that I have ever had.\r\n'

'The Way Home: A Film Review\r'

'The dissipate entitled â€Å"The bureau radix” is a Korean film released in 2002 directed by leeward Jung-hyang and written by Lee Jung-hyang. It was produced by Whang Woo-hyun and Whang Jae-woo and was released on November 15, 2002 by Paramount Classics. The film revolves on the composition of a young boy and his granny k non who struggles to fight the differences between them. It is a peachy film that deals with gerontology and how the aging operate affects the lives of every individual.In the film, Sang-woos commence take to come out him under the c ar of his gray-headed grannie because she needs to find a trick for them to survive. However, Sang-woos gran is deaf and mute which necessitates the authority laboured for him. Living with his nanna is real against his w trouble because for Sang-woo, a guardian a deal(p) his grandmother who has speaking and hearing disabilities is comparable living in hell. He stool non pack the fact near his grandmothe rs situation and ill calls her a â€Å"retard.”Frustration and depression occupy him because he was accustomed to the city mien of life. Living in the country post is far different from his previous berth where electricity and technology are trip of everyday life. He ignores all his grandmothers efforts for him and continues play with his toys that he brought along with him.On the other hand, his grandmother patiently does everything for his bratty grandson. She persistently cooks meals for him, washes his clothes, and gives the beat out that she can to for him. Unfortunately, Sang-woo returns her kindness with rejection of the traditional meals that she serves and prefers Kentucky hot up Chicken, Spam and cola over her meals. thither was a scene in the scene where he stole his grandmothers ornamental tholepin to buy batteries for his video game.He was expecting to receive the displeasure and punishment of his grandmother, but when he arrived home, he saw his worr ied grandmother who was wait for him to come back from finding batteries. Nonetheless, he got her hairpin for nothing as it did not exit him with any batteries since the rural village did not have the right size batteries for his toy. legion(predicate) scenes in the film show how unpitying Sang-woo is to his grandmother.His misbehavior comes to an end when his poor grandmother gets sick which makes him realize his mistakes. Suddenly, he is not the selfish brat he was. He assumes the responsibility of taking dread of his ill grandmother. His grandmothers efforts and prostrate make out for him pays off when she makes his grandson looking the true meaning of home. He have love and affection from a woman who cannot speak and hear but can show him the true meaning of life.When his mother returns to fetch him and bring him back to the city, the love and kindness of Sang-woo’s grandmother make it hard for Sang-woo to leave her. Still, he needs to come with his mother so he taught his grandmother how to write for them to keep in touch. The Way substructure is a moving film that best describes sacrificial and unconditional love from an individual who is in her ulterior life.The study of gerontology involves the observation of tribe as they grow old and deliver changes physically, psychologically, and socially. This film is suitable for a gerontology class because it gives students the chance to view what it is like to be old and how relationship of the old with the younger generation is affected. There are many changes during late heavy(a)hood, just like the case of Sang-woos grandmother in the film. It does not only describe what an older adult experiences but it also shows how a someone should deal with these changes.What I like intimately about the film is the scene where Sang-woos grandmother got sick. This is because I was able to understand how hard it is to get old and how much care and attention are needed when a person gets old and sick . The Way Home is a film that encompasses many discoveries about every individuals life: sacrifices, changes and love.Reference:The Way Home (2008). The Way Home Website. Retrieved, March 7, 2008 from:http:// sack.archive.org/web/20040417071111/www.paramountclassics.com/wayhome/            story.htmlWhang, W.H., Whang, J.W. (Producer) ; Lee, J.H. (Director). (2002). The Way Home. [MotionPicture] Korea: Paramount Classics.\r\n'

'Importance of Teachers Essay\r'

'A instructor affects timelessness; he rat never itemise where is influence stops. †Henry Adams Teaching is a timeless profession. It is the basis of each(prenominal) former(a) professions. Good instructors programmet seed that acquire impregnable doctors, good accountants, good cosmos servants, good statesmen, good taxi drivers, and good astronauts. When former students return to see me anyplace the years, my heart fills up in the knowledge that I put on been part of a wonderful accumulation of experiences that followed them through action. †bloody shame Bicouvaris.\r\nIf your plan is for a year, plant rice. If your plan is for a decade, plant trees. If our plan is for a lifetime, educate children. †Confucius I am a teacher because of teachers. They showed me that some ace other than my induce could love me. †Guy Doud In a completely rational hostel, the best of us would be teachers and the rest of us would occupy to settle for some liaison else . †Lee Iacocca What else is needed is something that teachers themselves argon reluctant to talk well-nigh openly and it’s our respect for them.\r\nIt’s what is deficient in America, and it’s what has been likewise extensive withheld from a profession so principal(prenominal) to our national well being, as alpha as doctors or captains of industry or TV commentators. From sunup to sund receive, the school teachers you progress to seen tonight work harder than you do †no matter what you do. No occupation in our society is much(prenominal) than demanding than teaching. No calling in our society is more selfless than teaching. No calling in our society is more central to the vitality of a democracy than teaching. †Roger Mudd To me the sole try for of humanity salvation lies in teaching.\r\n†George Bernard Shaw Each of these quotes speaks to me, non merely because I am a teacher, although that is part of it. Like Guy Doud, I am in pa rt a teacher because of other teachers, and love †make up off crush outed or non †was sure part of it. It was my AP American History teacher Thomas Rock who challenged me to live up to what I could do, and it was Music Professor rump Davison who demonstrated the deep love for every student who passed through his c be, including me. I hope that I return both lessons with my cause students. I know the vastness of respect.\r\nI can non demand it from my students but must prepare it, in large part by acting with respect towards them. It powerfulness be helpful were the media and many politicians and far too many parents not reinforcing a distinguishable attitude. In part it is because we do not pay teachers, and if they make so little, they cannot be that important, right? Except, as I index note, in single 45 s period I spend more quality time with some of my students than they breed from their parents, which is a different tragedy. Our society take to reexami ne how we value people, and not pay off such an emphasis on m unityy and overt power.\r\nThe Henry Adams quote is bingle I support long cherished. The affects of my own teachers continue on me today. And I look at now taught long enough to be no longer be surprise at some of the students who come jeopardize to thank me. It worries me that some of my long-term affects upon students might not be so salutary, which is one reason I try to be aware of how my words and actions can have impact far beyond their straightaway purpose. I am only in my 13th year of teaching, but am already experiencing some of what Mary Bicouvaris writes nearly.\r\nIf you are a parent, you have every right to demand that your children’s teachers see them as individuals, but please retrieve yours may be one of almost two hundred children that teacher deals with every day. If you want more personal attention for your child, demand small classrooms, lower student loads per teacher so that they are capable of big(p) that attention. If you are a policy maker, remember that the decisions you make can support or prevent the kind of teaching purlieu that makes a difference in the life of a child.\r\nTeaching is about much more than cramming information into heads so that it can be given back on high stakes tests which really do not tell us all that much useful information. All of us have had teachers. And even if we were too shy, or too stubborn, to express our thanks at the time, we can always drop a note or make a call, or if possible stop by and say hello, and thank those who made a difference for us. sometimes we worry about the students who pass through our care, that we did not do enough, care enough, and it can help a teacher who is wondering whether to continue the compete to hear of the differences s/he made.\r\nSometimes that can be the one thing that keeps a teacher going for one more year. I know I can make a difference. And I am not making these requests on my own behalf. But while I claim to speak for no one except myself, I also distinguish that I have a spokesperson †and a keyboard †that seems to be able to express in ways others may not be able to, to reach eye and ears and minds to which many do not have access. So this is my offering today. It is about the importance of teachers. You probably already know about that importance, but I figured a gentle reminder might not hurt. Peace.\r\n'

'Ict Unit 2\r'

'BTEC ICT Unit 2 †determineing in the IT industriousness Name: Form: 10T t to to each one oneer: Contents delegate 14 look into the characteristics take to hold up in the IT sector4 secern the characteristics and display it in a dishearten. 4 designate 26 crap a conf aim with two columns, regarding channel employment and descriptions6 List the different type of roles that undersur looking be found in the ICT sector6 imbibe each of the product line roles6 Task 311 Create a booklet regarding whizz reflect role11 List the characteristics packed for the special transaction role11 Task 414 Extend the booklet -Explain why legitimate characteristics ar indigenceed for the specific digicrafts. 14 Task 519Write a compose key to justify the chore role which meets the to a higher place criteria. 19 ————————————————- Aim of duty appellation The aim of this unit is to ensure that learners arrive at acquaintance of the avail equal to(p) moving in roles involving professional IT and the characteristics employers enquire in the IT industry. ————————————————- Learning Outcomes 1. Know the characteristics that ar utilise by the employers in the IT industry 2. Know the common speculate roles undertaken by people relieve oneselfings in the IT industry ————————————————- Key WordsIndustry specific: practiced knowledge, works procedures, health and safety knowledge General: adroitnesss e. g. inter own(prenominal) attainments, readying skills, governmental skills, clip management, police squad working, numeric skills, creativity, chore work bug forth Attitudes: preferred e. g. determined, independent, haleness, tolerant, depend adequate, lea dership, confidence, self- motivation General IT: roles e. g. solutions architecture, solution growth and implementation, meshwork management, cultivation security, technical draw uprs, data administrators, IT utility management and deli re tout ensemble toldy; hardw argon specific e. g. anufacturing, repair, supply, inst whatsoeveration, internets; softw ar program specific e. g. applications programmers, dodges programmers, website developer, call downs programmers Investigation and design: analysts; sources; consider managers ————————————————- Scenario IT Venture is an ICT recruitment chest which specialises in IT strains. In the recent clock times aimting a p atomic number 18ntage in the IT industry has become very difficult. To service of process the people who want to come into the industry the function wants to run an article and alongside it they pull up stakes herald contemplate roles which leave alone include the ideal employee attri only ifes.In this assignment you are a junior recruiter working at the agency. The manager has asked you to take on the task of writing the article about characteristics readed to work in the ICT industry. You leave behind because produce a tcapable with a selective number of IT job roles, the job roles go away state the employee attributes indispensablenessed to them. ————————————————- 1. Researching the requirements marker P1 You allow kick in to research the characteristics which are essential to substantiate a job in the industry.The best mien to go about the task is to state the characteristics and indeed to describe them. Task 1 For P1 you indispensableness to: Research the characteristics required to work in the IT sector Describe the characteristics and display it in a table. P1 -Ev idence to be submitted: 1. sidestep with 2 columns development the headings = characteristics and description Characteristics required in the IT industry Characteristics/skills | Description | Interpersonal | * exposition- Relating to other(a)(a)s, getting on with people (and getting the job done) * Needed because you must(prenominal)iness get on with people. * If you don’t get on with people then you brush asidenot get the job done! People may let out you a negative influence if you chiffoniernot work with others properly. | cookery | * Definition- Planning your work, task lists, doing things in the right order, ensuring you pay off all the resources required. * Needed because uncoordinated people tend to get less work done * Bosses dislike un arrange people because they stinkpot create havoc in the workplace * If you plan when to do things then you im incision go much free time to do what you want| Organisational | * Definition: Being organised is havin g a clean and tidy florapace where you can work to your maximal capacity. Being unorganised can be very annoying to other members of your team if you are in one * Unorganised net support managers won’t be able to keep path of the data processors they manage. | Problem firmness of purpose| * Definition: Problem solving is dealing with a situation as in effect as possible and getting an positive end point * Being able to make a chore cursorily and expeditiously go forth mean that you spell time. * If you are an IT technician and you are unable to solve a line than clients and customers volition view you as inexpert and that you don’t encounter the skills to be a technician. Creativity | * Definition: allowing yourself to make wild and batty yet sensible ideas or suggestions. * It is substantial to be productive so that you can stand out in your workplace. * You can reach different earreachs which will be beloved for backing. * IT technicians remove t o be creative to be able to create programmes that are desirable to the audience, for example a childrens programme. | Numeric| * Definition: utilise and applying mathsematical skills in situations where it is necessitate. * When an IT Programmer is working they choose to use numeric skills to code the software. Basic math skills will be requiremented for received programs and you deprivation to know how to do equations. | ag meeting working| * Definition: working amongst a group of people bit giving service of process and overly receiving help. * You would be affect how much you learn from your peers and colleagues. * A Programmer would aim to work in a team to help masterful the project to their best superpower. | cartridge holder wariness| * Definition: Spending time wisely and productively. * During a work project you bring plan how you will use your time so you can stop the project to a good standard. If you can’t manage your time properly then you w ill be delayed on tasks as you become basically wasted time. | ————————————————- 2. Describing the job role and stating the characteristics Grade P2, P3, P4, D1 For this part of the section you will be tone at various job roles and you will write down the job and a description of the job. You will then afford to write down the characteristics requirements for each job role. For the characteristic that you have specified you will need to explain why a specific characteristic is required for each job.Task 2 For P2 you need to: Create a table with two columns, regarding job role and descriptions List the different type of roles that can be found in the ICT sector Describe each of the job roles P2 -Evidence to be submitted: 1. A table with a list of jobs and job roles. P2 Roles and Responsibilities in IT conjecture Job Title| Roles and Responsibilities| Desired Personal characteristics| 1. mesh Technician| Com planter network technicians build and maintain computer networks used by handicraft, education, government, and health-care institutions. lucres linking desktop computers allow users to turn on electronic mail (e-mail) and to share data, computer applications, and internet liaisons. As more institutions establish computer networks, the demand for skilled computer network technicians will grow. | cartridge holder management is really important as you may have a lot of work to do on a deadline. Problem working skills are besides important because you may need to probe a problem before working it out. You overly need to solve a problem as quickly as possibly but also as efficiently as possible. 2. Website Developer| The web designer has the obligation of the design and format of the website. They also have to responsibility for coding the website. They also have the responsibility to update any software and the agreement also maintenance of the websit e. | Creativity is important as they have to design a website that is sure and stands out from the heartsease of the competition. Another skill is problem solving. This is needed because there might be faults and glitches in the dodging that makes using the website hard for users.So the designer ask to iron out any glitches. | 3. Systems programmer| A programmer call for to research and examine current systems. They need to work well other colleagues in the design and analyst compartment. They have to write the software need to find faults with any programs. | You need problem solving skills as you have to find faults with a program and then fix it another skill is analytical skills. This is needed because you have to be able to solve Byzantinees and childlike problems. This is also similar to problem solving skills. 4. entropy administrator| A data footing administrator has the role supervise the performance, integrity and security of a database. | They need to have team working skills because they control the data base of the company in a team; this is because in a team they will work more efficiently. Also they need to have problem solving skills because if users of the database are having problems they need to solve as quickly and efficiently as possible. | 5. Network manager| As a network manager, you have two roles.You’ll be responsible for installing and maintaining the companys computer networks, and also to admit staff to provide first rate technical support. | As a network manager you will need to have problem solving skills, this is because you may face problems in the networks that you need to solve. Also you need to have team working skills as you will be working in a team and you will need to work with them efficiently. Furthermore you must have parley skills, because you will need to learn staff and communicate well with them.Some other social skills needed are the force to communicate face to face and have clear written communication also listening skills is important. | 6. Technical writer| The roles and responsibilities of a technical writer is that they must ensure their audience understands the text. This is because their job is to make complex technical information sound relatively easy. | They need communication skills; this is because they need make information easy to understand quite of a technical jargon which some consumers do not understand.Also they need to have team working skills, as they will be close of the time working in a team. | Source from www. wikipedia. com Task 3 For P3 you need to: Create a booklet regarding ONE job role List the characteristics needed for the specific job role P3 -Evidence to be submitted: 1. A booklet with ONE jobs and job characteristics Task 4 For M1 you need to: Extend the booklet -Explain why certain characteristics are needed for the specific jobs. Evidence to be submitted: 1. A booklet with a list of jobs, job characteristics and explanation of specific characteristic requirementsWhy certain characteristics are important for system analysts (M1) This essay will be highlighting the important skills that are required for a system analyst. Characteristic that are required for a system analyst are: * Interpersonal skills * uninflected skills * Organisational skills * Technical skills * Maintenance * Team working * communicational * Time Management * Flexibility * Adaptability * Tolerance * one * Determination and self-motivation Interpersonal skills The system analyst needs to be able to interact and communicate with the organization, line and colleagues in order to solve problems.Interpersonal skills consist of many things; communication with others, but also our confidence and our capability to listen and understand. Problem solving, decision making and personal stress management are also considered interpersonal skills. System analyst need to be able to clarify their ideas and judgment. System analyst with sound inter personal skills can identify which are the best slipway of collaborating with system users. Analytical skills Analytical skills are the ability to visualize and solve both uncomplicated and complex problems and concepts and make decisions that are appropriate to the situation.Analytical skills can be referred to as problem solving skills, and this is an essential skill needed, as a system analyst. System analyst need to be able to have the ability to see things as systems, identify, analyze, and troubleshoot or solve problems in an optimal way for a specific organization. Also, as a system analyst you have to be able to be an active learner, complex problem solver, active listener, critical and logical thinker. Organisational skills Organizational skills are to be able to plan ahead, timetabling, working deadlines and run into them.Furthermore, world organized helps you to know what is expected of you each daylight and to be prepared to meet those expectations. As a system analy st, being organized is important because you will have to meet deadline, complete all tasks at a high standard. If you are not replete(p)y organized this means that you will crush tasks and produce low spirit grade work which could evidently get you in trouble with the business and resulting in your dismissal from the workplace. Technical skills Technical skills are ability to understand how computers, data networks, databases and operating systems work.You need to have good knowledge and understanding of computer ironware and software as it is to know what exactly you are analyzing. Technical skills are important for system analyst as they need to be able to retrace problems, and having knowledge of computer and network systems and of IT on a macro level. This will help to be able to provide solutions to system users. Team working Team working is the process of working collaboratively with a group of people (strangers and colleagues alike) in order to achieve a goal. Team work ing skills are crucial in businesses.Teamwork means that people will try to encourage and participate, using their individual skills and providing constructive feedback, despite any personal conflict between individuals. Theoretically they all pitch in ideas to make a transform hybrid super idea. System analyst need to be interactive when working within a group because you share different expertise and you can get more knowledge from the people in the group. Also, to be able examine systems more efficiently and quickly. Maintenance Maintenance is when you uphold and preserve a system frequently instead of neglecting it.This helps stop problems as everything is up to date. Maintenance can be used for repairing and providing solutions. System analysts are responsible for the operating system and associated alternate systems. Provide system-level support of multi-user operating systems, computer hardware and software tools, including installation, configuration, maintenance, and suppo rt of these systems. System analyst need to keep their work in mint conditions; have lots of responsibility of systems and be prepared in order to solve problems. Communicational skillsCommunicational skills include rough-and-ready interpersonal communication (written, verbal, visual, electronic, face-to-face conversations, presentations in drive of groups), listening, and group skills. The purpose of communication is to get your meat across to others clearly. Communicational skills are life skills and needed not only in businesses or face they are also acquired on day to day living. As a system analyst, it is significant and expensive to have communicational skills as they need to talk to and interact with system users to find what they do, and their colleagues for information.As well as, system analyst look at current active systems and problems in those systems, therefore they have to interview users to find their findings and solve the problem they are trying to resolve. T hey need good communicational skills, as they take part in business speaking, business writing, interviewing, listening, technical handling and technical writing. Flexibility The general, basic definition of flexibleness is not similar to this type of definition of flexibility. For system analyst, their timetable and plan needs to be flexible, this means can adjust to salmagundi for a day.For instance, if they have organised or planned for a day of communicating and interacting with system users, but instead they had a business meeting, then they have to adjust to it. Adaptability Adaptation is a natural process that all organisms have bygone through. However in these circumstances there is altered. It sedate has the same principle which is that you change a brag that evidently means you work better. Adaptability is the ability to change to fit changed circumstances. This is similar to flexibility, as they need to fit to changes in their timetable.Tolerance Tolerance is having the capacity to remain unhurried at difficult times. This is vital for every occupation, but as a system analyst, they will need to communicate and work in team with others most of the time, so having tolerance and be patient at times, like when interviewing or asking system users, working with others at difficult times, they need be tolerant, in order to prevent conflict or business line which can cause trouble in work. truth Integrity is the quality of being honest, truthful and having hefty moral principles; moral uprightness.As a system analyst, your integrity is your honesty and respect and sense of duty in work, and in life. Your employer needs to be able to combining you and you need to have a good pose between you and your employer and colleague’s, because then you can have more responsibility and because of this, your employer will give you a higher priority in your profession. Your integrity creates bonds in your workplace. Determination and self-motivation S ystem analyst need to have ambitions or desire to achieve or pursue in a given situation. (E. g.Self-belief and determination in solving a technical problem) Determination and motivation will make the system analyst more focused and concentrated on their work and they will harder to try to achieve something, they will have full control of their work and have the confidence to complete all given tasks. This is a utile skill for anyone; it also helps parts of organizational skills. Source: www. wikipedia. com (Written report explaining characteristics for jobs) (Extension of booklet explaining the characteristics of certain jobs) Task 5Dave Tipton the handler of the agency needs a specific person to work for the agency. You have been given a set of characteristics from the director for which you will determine the best person for the job and will have to justify your choice. The following characteristics are: Good communication skills Problem solving Time management Confident Depen dable Technically voiceless Qualifications: MCP Microsoft XP MCP Microsoft 2003 Cisco CCNA For D1 you need to: Write a written report to justify the job role which meets the above criteria. Evidence to be submitted:Written report for your plea Task 2- A network technician (D1) Jasmine Zerbanski is suited for the job role of a Network Technician. A Network technician has many responsibilities for a business or organization that they work for. The normal job of a network technician involves monitoring network activity; configuring network equipment; analysing network security; and dealing with cables, especially in connection ports. There are array of skills required for being a network technician and some of these skills include: Planning, analysing, communication and problem solving skills.Jasmine Zerbanski is suited for this job because she has good communication skills. This is important as she can interact with users and colleagues clearly and effectively. Although she is a lit tle shy, she easily overcomes this and works very well individually and with others. She is highly self-motivated and is confident of producing quality work. Jasmine has amazing analytical skills; this means that she can identify network errors quickly. Jasmine has experience with creating and maintaining networks.Jasmine has built a small network in her home, and this shows her ingenuity and creativity skills. Creativity skills are essential for a technician as they are able to come up with original ideas that make the life of the users easier. Jasmine has interpersonal skills. She has demonstrated that she is able to interact with other people. She has the ability to plan multiple tasks, and perform them to the highest quality. This is stated in her reference. She can analyze IT problems, predict and forecast things and identify relevant passing(a) factors and does goal setting.She is very well organised, she is able to put her work into a timetable and meet deadlines, and she has very good organisational and time management skills, she can control time over specific activities, as a network technician you need to manage your time, when you solve problems. Jasmine has team working skills, she is able to work with other people in groups to identify and solve IT problems; she is able to communicate with other people. She has numeric skills, as an IT technician, you need numeric skills in order to use different methods on how to solve problems.She can solve problems (problem solving skills, she has the intelligence to use different methods in solving problems and she is capable of quality work, so as a technician she will be able to solve and fix different hardware’s and software’s and many other IT inventions. She also possesses good written communication skills. This is useful in she ever needs to write notes and hand written letters. Overall, Jasmine Zerbanski is most suitable for the role as a Network technician. She has many useful skills which coexist with being a network technician.\r\n'

'Historical Biography of Archimedes\r'

'The geted school textual matter is a summary biography of Archimedes of military blockade of siege of Syracuse. Known as unmatched of the greatest mathematician, scientist, and armourer; Archimedes’ notoriety has been keep opened all over centuries by the scientific discoveries and scientific inventions he brought during his feelingtime. This text denotes of his m each accomplishments in a semi-chronological place, in efforting to remodel the marking facts of Archimedes’ life. Archimedes was born in 287BC in Syracuse, Sicily. He was the son of astronomer Phidias (Crystalinks, 2008). Presently, there is no cultivation specifying of the work accomplished by Phidias.Similarly, there is weensy detailed information concerning Archimedes life as a child and adolescent. According to hi bosh, Heracliedes wrote a biography of Archimedes which is subjected to start had detailed information about mixed aspects of Archimedes surreptitious life. Unfortunately, t he biography was destroyed and many aspects of Archimedes personalised were muddled in the process. It seems that the span of the years has erased the memories of his childhood upbringing. In fact so little is know of his personal life, that there exists no specifics on his coupled life. Whether he had a wife and children remains un cognise to the present day unobjection fittedlight.In comparison, his professional adult life has been studied and reconstructd hundred after century, relating of his incredible prowess with Mathematics, and of its unusual angiotensin-converting enzyme for technological inventions; some of which atomic number 18 still macrocosm employ at present, both millennia after his death. Historical texts arouse his congress to fairy Hiero II, then the King of Syracuse and presumed uncle of Archimedes (Crystalinks, 2008). The validity of this relation to the Royal Family of Syracuse bes once to a greater extent and again in writings concerning Archim edes, and the few elements of his childlike adult life seem to confirm his countenance ranking in Syracusian society.In fact, Archimedes was schooled in Alexandria, Egypt where he traveled to as a teenager to field of operations maths (University of St Andrews, 1999). The many counts of his spectacular professional life as a mathematician, scientist, and inventor seem to retrace an roue to that period of his life. Certainly the ability to pursue university count confirms of his family ties to the Aristocratic society of Syracuse. He would later on in his life collaborate near with King Hiero II to come up with inventions to prevent Roman encroachment of Syracuse.Some of those inventions of warfare are reviewed in further detail in the hatful of this text dedicated to Archimedes technological inventions and innovations. Archimedes began study in Alexandria at the age of 18. He was then brought to study math along with Conon of Samos, and Eratosthenes (Crystalinks, 2008). As a scholar in Alexandria, he was allowed to study both the theoretical and concrete aspects of science and technology, that he oft quantify retransmitted back to Greece via earn of correspondence he wrote. It is believed that Archimedes spent five to six years in Alexandria at study.There are no separate levels during the life of Archimedes where he would buzz off spent a comparable to(predicate) heart and soul of time being educated in the formal sense. Following his study, he returned to Syracuse to scram one of the near prolific scientist and inventors known to mankind. annals tells that Archimedes invented the Archimedes screw while at study in Alexandria. The famed screw used to carry urine supply from a low lying position to a higher position would found many utile applications and is presently used in new(a) day sewage plants. An amazing feat indeed.His ingenuity keep after he returned home to Syracuse, and was fueled by the desire to find adequate solutio ns in dedicate to protect the city from Roman invasion. In fact, practically under the demand of the King, he undertook and completed some(prenominal)(prenominal) inventions targeted at warfare. For so doing, he used mechanisms of death and others of dissuasion that growd efficient as they held the roman invader, command Marcus Claudius Marcellus, from entering the city of Syracuse for two square years. Archimedes died in 212BC, while Syracuse was under siege by the Roman invaders.The twaddle tells that he was killed by a roman soldier during the attack of Syracuse (Crystalinks, 2008). His numeral Genius Archimedes of Syracuse is circumstancely known the world over for his stunning ability with mathematics, and in particular with geometry. In this section of the biography, we are to retrace the most all-important(a) theorems he came up with, and relate of his most impressive scientific discoveries. On the stubborn to most mathematicians, Archimedes numeral inspirations often came from his work on Mechanics, thereby suggesting of an influence he brought to mathematics by making hypothesis buttd in the virtual(a) world.This is a very matter toing practice which is unmated and certainly differentiates his work from other mathematicians who mostly would come up with a numeral theorem and then attempt to verify it in the bodily world. Archimedes wrote extensively on his work, although most of his work vanished over the years. In particular, he wrote a treatise on mechanics and hydrostatics entitled the â€Å" order Concerning Mechanical Theorems”, which jibe to fib often shake his work as a mathematician. As he seemed to find his inspiration in the visible mechanized world, Archimedes excelled in the field of Geometry.One of his celebrated discoveries was in relation to the comparable deal of a plain and that of a cylinder. Archimedes was able to prove that the volume of a firmament have-to doe withed two-thirds of the volume of a cylinder for which the crown equaled the diameter of the sphere (University of St Andrews, 1999). Archimedes was so proud for having found that mathematical reality that he insisted on having it carve on his tomb. Although Archimedes is often thought of as more than of an inventor than a mathematician, he participated in some(prenominal)(prenominal) advert developments in mathematics.Archimedes often made use of little sums to arrive at proving his hypotheses (Crystalinks, 2008). The rule is often compared to new-fashioned day integral calculus which is very alike to the orders he employed then. One of his famous mathematical proofs was the theme of Pi. Archimedes often used his wily impression of the mechanised world to arrive at more conclusive mathematical realities. In order to image the value of pi more accurately, he intentional a dress circle. He placed a polygon on the outside and on the inside of the circle (University of Utah, 1999).As he would raise the number of sides of each polygon, he came closer and closer to having a circle; pieceively made of a series of small and connecting distances. As he reached 96 sides for the inner and outer polygons, he measured them to obtain a higher and decline boundary limit of the approximation of Pi. Archimedes concluded from the essay that the value of pi was contained between 3+1/7 and 3+10/71 (Crystalinks, 2008). A remarkable feat guide to an impressive conclusion, which we interpret today one of the most important proofs of mathematics.The chemical formula for the orbit of a circle is also attributed to Archimedes who came up with the fact that the area was equal to the square reference of the radius of the circle multiplied by Pi. His interest for arriving at mathematical truths based on geometrical realities as we corporation perceived them in a multi-dimensional carcass, led him to prove more theorems often relating to unnumberable series or non-finite sums. Archimedes is kn own for ascertain the equivalency of certain rational numbers by determine their dateless sum.A rational number differentiates itself from a full-length number (an integer for instance), as it has an integer portion and a decimal portion. The infinite sum approximation is often used in mathematics today to look areas and volumes in two dimensional and trey dimensional spaces primarily. The technique he employed in his infinitesimal related theorems are unremarkably called method of enfeeblement in modern day mathematics (University of St Andrews, 1999). As impressive as his ability for arriving at mathematical reality was, it made even more physical sense when he applied it to the physical world in which we live.Many of Archimedes theories relating to physics are closely relating to the fields of geometry and physics in general. Often the geometrical mystique of an object would eventually lead to a physical mathematical reality of our world. It is seemingly in such proceedi ng that Archimedes came up with several theorems of mechanical nature. In fact, Archimedes discovered several theorems on the place of sombreness of planes, and solids, and on the mathematical tools and methods to approximate those.It is interesting to come to that his work, whether in scheme or practice was often commanded by the search of the infinite in the unremarkable reality of the finite. Archimedes is known to have worked on the mathematical theories of spirals, where he helped to determine the mathematical formulation to pass spirals based on polar geometry. The work was compiled in a treatise called the Archimedean Spiral. The treatise describes in mathematical terms the portion of a point moving away from a fixed coordinate at a immutable speed and with constant angular velocity.The lock draw in the treatise corresponds to the geographical representation of a spiral, which in the treatise is the result of moving stage of points in a minded(p) pattern, that of a spiral (University of St Andrews, 1999). Several of his scripted theoretical work came as correspondence letters, in particular to a person of the name of Dositheus, who was a student of Conon (Crystalinks, 2008). In some of his letters, Archimedes referred to the calculation of the area enclosed in a parabola and determined by a line secant to the parabolical curve.In the letters to Dositheus, Archimedes was able to prove that such area would equal to tetrad thirds the area of an isosceles triangle having for base and height the magnitude of the decussate line in the parabola. He arrived at the result utilize an infinite summation of the rational number one fourth. This particular mathematical demonstration would later prove invaluable in calculating the areas and volumes of various objects in using integral calculus, a modern form of Archimedes infinite expansion.One of his most famous scientific discoveries relates to the buoyancy effect of a liquid on a given object: ofte n referred to as Archimedes’ linguistic rule. The principle explains that any tree trunk immersed in a fluid experiences a force of buoyancy which is equal to the magnitude of the like gravitational force of the liquid displaced during immersion. In other words, Archimedes arrived at the reality that any object plunged in a liquid plentiful enough to maintain such object in equaliser, would experiment a force in reality equal to the dust of water displaced to maintain such equilibrium.There is a famous anecdote on how Archimedes came up with the physical theorem. fabrication has it that it was during a bath that he came up with the plan for the buoyancy theorem. According to history, he came up with the retort to the buoyancy theorem in wanting to help his uncle, King Hiero II, to solve the Golden big top Mystery. In fact, the story relates that the King, Hiero II, sent a certain amount of luxurious to his goldworker to be made into a confidential information. Whe n the crown returned from the goldsmith, the King evidently noticed that it was lighter than the presumed amount of gold that was given to the goldsmith.King Hiero II presented the dilemma to his nephew Archimedes of Syracuse, who supposedly came up with an answer to the problem that very night. The apologue states that Archimedes came up with the buoyancy theorem by filling his vat to the top. When he entered the bath, a certain amount of water poured out of the bath. He later on agnize that the mass of the amount of water dispersed from the vat was equivalent to the mass of his own body. From arriving at this discovery, the story claims that Archimedes ran the streets of Syracuse naked and screaming â€Å"Eureka”, which elbow room â€Å"I have found it”.The next day he reiterated the experiment with the Golden Crown and the akin amount of gold that was initially given to the goldsmith, when he was able to confirm King Hiero’s self-reliance that not all t he gold given to the goldsmith was used in making the Golden Crown (Andrews University, 1998). This amazingly simple proof carries one of the most important theoretical truths of physics. The principle of buoyancy is bankrupt known today as the Law of Hydrostatics, and is straight off attributed to Archimedes of Syracuse.The above anecdote is a classic caseful of Archimedes’ability to confront complex theoretical problems by transcribing them into practical life. A considerable number of his experiments and scientific theorems were similarly found through empirical and organized practical proceedings. Archimedes Inventions As a keen mathematician, Archimedes was oddly talented in determining physical solutions to various problems encountered in his life. Often, the mechanical tools that he devised were a consume projection of a theorem he wanted to prove or vice versa. One of his most famous inventions was the Archimedes screw.Sometimes referred to as Archimedes water p ump, the doohickey was created by the Greek mathematician during his study in Alexandria. Archimedes screw is a cable car made to pump water from a glare level to a higher level. In short, an ingenious method for carrying water over distances thereby apparently defeating the law of gloom. The screw is made of a cylindrical pipe angled at fourty five degrees and containing a helix. When the substructure end of the device is plunged into water and differentiate to rotate, the helix’s rotation carries water from the bottom end of the cylinder to the top end (Crystalinks, 2008).Archimedes according to historians, devised another form of the screw in a comparable yet dissimilar shape. In our day, the system is being used primarily in waste-water interference plants to pump sewage waters. There is little account however on the applications for which the Archimedes screw may have served during Archimedes life, other than its use for irrigation of the Hanging Gardens of Babyl on, and for removing water in the hull of ships. In fact, most counts of using the technique point to its modern day utilization.Other inventions brought by Archimedes stock a considerable amount of attention, and found pick out applications during his lifetime. From his close relationship with the King Hiero II, Archimedes was requested to digit machines to keep the Roman assailant at bay. Archimedes successfully created several weapons of war that held the Roman invader several years. Archimedes is in fact known for inventing the rocket launcher for that purpose. The bricole is a device based on the principle of the pry, which is capable of carrying an object several times its weight.When the catapult is fired, the object â€Å"flies” in describing a parabolic curve, prior to hitting its target. The catapult was often used during warfare as a defensive method to protect a territory from invaders. He would later on be used as on offensive weapon for attacking protected a reas or castles. The catapult can be assimilated as the proterozoic form of a canon, which solely relied on mechanical means to operate. The device served Syracuse of Sicily well during the unreliable wars of Rome vs. Carthage. Archimedes, at the King’s request, created several weapons to defend the city (Biography Shelf, 2008).Among such weapons were the catapult, the crossbow, and the claw; which could be used to cover several ranges. These various methods of defense mechanism allowed Archimedes to keep the Roman assailants at shore for two long years, according to historical reports. Archimedes also came up with the Archimedes ray, a device which was created to set invading ships on fire at a outsized distance. The device is made up of several mirrors forming a parabolic shape where the rays are reflected to subsequently interfere at a point which can be considered the cogitate of the parabolic shape.By aligning the mirrors adequately, it was then feasible to set ship s on fire by focusing light reflected from the mirrors nowadays onto the ships. However, not all of Archimedes inventions were meant for warfare. The Greek mathematician and inventor came up with several devices to assist sailors to carry large objects from the water. Most of those devices operated based on the principle of the open up that was also used in the conception of the catapult. run into all of his work both in theory and in practice, only his writing remained to this day.In fact several of his correspondence letters were compiled into a repository of treatise commonly called the Archimedean Palimpsest (Cryslalinks 2008). According to ancient history, a palimpsest is a real(a) compilation of writings that were transcribed onto parchments and contained several layers of text on a given page. It seems evident to modern day historians and archeologists that the multiple writings on a single page indicated that parchment were expensive and dangerous to come by, and thus d emanded that the author writes several times on the same page in order to conserve the precious parchment.The Archimedean palimpsest was made of the following treatises: 1- On the Equilibrium of Planes The treatise was focused on the principle of the lever and its various applications. The document describes how the principle of the lever can be applied to the calculation of the center of gravity of various bodies including parabola, hemispheres, and triangles. 2- On spirals The treatise â€Å"On Spirals” describes the mathematical function of point moving in a curvilineal direction in a three dimensional setting. The work is better known under the appellative of the Archimedean Spiral. 3- On the Sphere and the CylinderThe treatise describes the mathematical derivation on the relationship between a given sphere and a cylinder having for height the diameter of the sphere. Archimedes was able to mathematically prove that in that very context, the volume of the sphere equaled t wo thirds to that of the cylinder. 4- On Conoids and Spheroids In this treatise, Archimedes demonstrates how to count the areas and volumes of conical sections, world(a) sections, and parabolic sections. 5- On float Bodies Probably one of the most famous kit and caboodle of Archimedes, the â€Å"On Floating Bodies” treatise describes the theorem of equilibrium of fluidic materials.In this document, Archimedes proved that a body of water would take a spherical form around a given center of gravity. In the second volume of the treatise, he describes the equilibrium states of parabolic sections partially immersed in a body of water. 6- The Quadrature of the Parabola This treatise corresponds to the mathematical derivation that the area made by the intersection of a line with a parabola equals four thirds of a triangle having a base and height both equal to the segment of the line intersecting the parabola. 7- StomachionThe treatise describes a problem in which Archimedes att empted to estimate the number of strips of paper of various shapes and quantities that would be essential to reconstruct a square. The method is said to be an early version of the field of combinatorics. The Archimedean palimpsest was hold over two millennia, and his now conserved at the Walters graphics Museum in Baltimore, MD. It is the only remaining work directly written by Archimedes himself to be existing today. impertinent the mathematician’s writings which were compiled in the Archimedean palimpsest, there are apparently no remains or originals of his practical inventions.The Archimedean palimpsest is direct testimony of Archimedes’ inclination for mathematical prowess, in particular when it concerned geometry. Most of his work that was conserved in the redaction of the palimpsest describes some very important rules and theorems for Mathematics. Among those, the approximation of pi and the use of the method of exhaustion to estimate areas, volumes, and surfac e areas of solids of varying forms were key elements leading to modern day mathematical practice.Some of his inventions are in use today, yet his name is most often associated in our era with the buoyancy theorem also known as Archimede’s Principle. References Andrews University, 1998, Biographies of Mathematicians †Archimedes, website available at http://www. andrews. edu/~calkins/math/biograph/bioarch. htm Biography Shelf, 2008, Short Biography of Archimedes, website available at http://www. biographyshelf. com/archimedes_biography. hypertext markup language Crystalinks, 2008, Archimedes, Biographical Sketch of the Mathematician, available at http://www.crystalinks. com/archimedes. hypertext mark-up language Trebuchetstore, 2008, Archimedes: A biography, website available at http://www. redstoneprojects. com/trebuchetstore/archimedes_1. html University of St Andrews, 1999, Archimedes of Syracuse, School of Mathematics and Statistics, available at http://www-groups. dc s. st-and. ac. uk/~history/Biographies/Archimedes. html University of Utah, 1999, Archimedes and the Computation of Pi, website available at http://www. math. utah. edu/~alfeld/Archimedes/Archimedes. html\r\n'