Autism :: Papers

AutismAutism or PPD (pervasive developmental disorder) is defined by the Columbia encyclopedia as a r are neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the inability to relate to and get the picture the environment in a realistic manner. The onset of the disorder is in infancy or early childhood, generally before the age of thirty months, and males are affected four times as often as females. Symptoms include impairment in tender interaction, fixation on inanimate objects, inability to beam universally, and resistance to changes in daily routine (Anthes, 1997). Characteristics of AutismDiagnosing Autism is based on four characteristics difficulty with language, abnormal responses to sensory stimuli, resistance to change and difficulty with social interaction. ?Other characteristics of autism may include making the same repetitive motion for hours, repeating a sound or phrase, inability to hold a conversation, practicing unmatched play patterns, and extreme sensitivity to sou nd and touch? (Riccio, 1999). Autistics can exhibit any combination of these characteristics in any degree. That is why autism is referred to as a ?spectrum? disorder, because at one end of the disorder a child may be inflicted with some symptoms, while at the opposite end a child may be inflicted with multiple symptoms with many areas in between. Children who display few symptoms may be characterized as ?mildly autistic?.Early signs of Autism may appear in the first months of life. Autistic infants tend to stray away from other people, avoiding touch and become limp or stiff when picked up or help. Autistic children sire?t reach maturation as fast as normal children. A normal child will point to objects or smile when eyesight their mother before the end of their first year, but children with autism develop this behavior untold later. These symptoms may go on unnoticed by parents or doctors in infancy, but by the age of two to three it is clear that something is wrong. Hi story of AutismIn 1943, a man by the name of Leo Kanner formally place autism he labeled the disorder ?autistic disturbance of affective contact? (?Autism Web? n.d.). Autism was first described in America, officially, in 1980 with the publication of DSMIII (Tanguay, Robertson, Derrick, 1980). There was much confusion, both before and after Kanners description, regarding the continuity of autism with schizophrenia and other then-recognized forms of psychosis (Lippcott/Williams & Wilkins, 1999). Kanner noticed that autistic infants had a reverse pattern typically observed in normal infants.