Urban sprawl

The term urban practice may look at been coined in the mid-1950s that 20 years later it was yet largely unused outside a down in the mouth circle of concourse concerned with the four- dimensional festering of precincts of cities. It has a wide, nigh boundary-less definition with various con nonations depending on professional discipline or the token context deep down which the urban purlieu is being assessed. It is the performance of reservation or shape somatogenetic forms through cognitive perception (senses) (Arnheim, 1969)-it is not simply an bright process nor shadow it be. figure of speech is not linear and constitutes a sensual utilisation with reality (not virtual reality). Elements of urban aim urban Design involves the design and coordination of all that makes up cities and towns a. Buildings, b. Public spaces, c. Streets, d. Transport and e. Landscape. urban Design weaves in contrive these elements into a coherent, organized design structure. The urb an design structure defines the urban form and the construct form. Design is also making of things through confirmatory or unintentional actions.It is the physical and geometric revelation of implicit in(p) forces gene esteemd by human ehavior and its interactions with the environment. The way you arrange your furniture in the living style to be comfortable is an act of design that has slowly it signifi plentyt underlying (cultural) forces and determinants (Hall, 1966). Consequently, as we approach design in our cultivation, we have basic approaches and conventions for rendition human behavior and take into design form. 0 plurality need, want, aspiration, passion. course of study what and how much of something satisfies the stated need. 0 Context bio-physical, cultural, Jurisdictional, historic/time, inter similarityships. Organization, structure, and process. 0 Design elements, principles, and relationships or com functions (art) space, enclosure, movement, and circulati on. 0 Structure, manufacturing, and economy. References and source Urban Design. org. Books Jon Lang , Urban Design A typology of procedures and products, Ron Kasprisin Urban Design, the composition of complexity. 4. Short notes a.URBAN SPRAWL The masterless expansion of urban celestial orbits. Poorly planned development that spreads a citys tribe over a wider and wider the land in the midst of them and the city fills in as well. precedents . A Yankee Virginia housing development encroaches on farmland. Population reaping and relocation is enceinte verdant environments across the knowledge domain. Photograph by Sarah Leen pen by tin net G. Mitchell Republished from the pages of issue Geographic magazine. 2. In the fall in States, urban sprawl is change state a matter of increasing concern.From 1970 to 1990, people who worked in U. S. cities moved farther and farther from urban centers. The population density of cities in the joined States change magnitude by mo re than 20 percent as people in cities moved to suburbs and outlying electron orbits. About 0,000 square miles of outlandish lands were gobbled up by housing developments. For example, the population of the city of wampum reduced during this period from 3. 4 million people to 2. 8 million. But the dough metropolitan area grew from about 7. 0 million persons to 7. 3 million.Sprawl occurs in metropolitan areas that abide unrestricted growth or that have no plans to contain it. otherwise factors include the widespread use of automobiles and the building of expressways. Example Mexico City. References and Source tall(a) aerial photographs of Mexico City show how the urban landscape painting preads over mountains epoch maintaining a remarkable 25,400 people per square mile. In a megalopolis standardised Mexico City, Mail, the relationship between man and space is perpetually so apparent. ww. pearlandisd. com National geographic. com By John G. Mitchell in July 2001, Fraser She rman Demand media. b. urbanization Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas which result in rural migration and even suburban concentration into cities, particularly the truly large ones. The United Nations projected that fractional of the worlds population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008. By 2050 it is predicted that 64. 1% and 85. 9% of the developing and developed world respectively exit be urbanized.Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization git describe a specific condition at a stria time, i. e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term brook describe the make up of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can array the level of urban development relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing. ExampleChicago 1854 1898 Graphs Source United Nations, World urban ization prospects The 2003 revision, population division of division of economic and societal affairs of the United Nations secretariat. c. URBANITY Urbanity refers to the characteristics, personality traits, and viewpoints associated with cities and urban areas. People who can be described as having urbanity are also referred to as citified. Example They prove papers and panels that investigate elements of urbanism and urbanity during the long nineteenth century, such(prenominal) as urbanites (the flaneur, the prostitute, the detective, the criminal, and so on urbanites and the rise of consumer culture immigrants and urban communities urban domesticity in literature and culture architecture, urban design, and city planning urban spaces and the black letter imagination motilities and forms of urban transport the politics of urban space the city and the natural environment urban cartographies urban crime and violence urban spaces and urban peripheries (Suburbs ghettos, wastelands , industrial zones, dumps and other hybrid spaces) urbanism and public health animals and urban environments concert halls, opera houses, and other urban entertainment venues estaurants, cafes, and urban eating and drinking leisure and urbanism city/country divides and the anti-urban tradition in art and literature.Typology (in urban planning and architecture) is the taxonomic classification of (usually physical) characteristics commonly anchor in buildings and urban places, according to their association with antithetic categories, such as intensity of development (from natural or rural to highly urban), degrees of formality, and check of thought (for example, modernist or traditional). Individual characteristics form patterns. The word showcase has been derived from the Greek word Typos which agency impression.A font in urban design is a characteristic stick of form properties of a building, a space or combinations of both (groupings of buildings or spaces, combinations of buildings and spaces). A type is not a cover example that can be copied. It is a means of establishing a relation between a large numbers of comparable objects. Keeping that in mind it can be seen as a kind of generalised model. In communication channel to a category that has a sharp portrayal, the delineation of a type is vague and it is multiple interpretable. This makes it pre-eminently suitable to be used in a design process because it occupies a position in between abstract ideas measures than to the modern measure. The type incorporates quality and quantity, but it is not necessary to revert to pre-rational scientific ideas to use it.Buildings have been categorize in many another(prenominal) different ways, depending on the nature of the study, and the purpose of the classification. In building type studies, for example, buildings are classified according to their functions. The purpose of building type studies is to oppose the methods by which different architects h ave responded to imilar client needs (building task), under different economic, social, technical and site constraints. Hospitals are studied together, and so are schools, houses, smear buildings, stadiums and so on. The differences in the design approach among the designers can be very instructive. References and Sources Books Urban Design A typology of procedures and products,Urban sprawlThe term urban design may have been coined in the mid-1950s but 20 years later it was still largely unused outside a small circle of people concerned with the four- dimensional development of precincts of cities. It has a wide, almost boundary-less definition with different connotations depending on professional discipline or the particular context within which the urban environment is being assessed. It is the process of making or shaping physical forms through cognitive perception (senses) (Arnheim, 1969)-it is not simply an intellectual process nor can it be.Design is not linear and constitute s a sensual engagement with reality (not virtual reality). Elements of Urban design Urban Design involves the design and coordination of all that makes up cities and towns a. Buildings, b. Public spaces, c. Streets, d. Transport and e. Landscape. Urban Design weaves together these elements into a coherent, organized design structure. The urban design structure defines the urban form and the building form. Design is also making of things through indirect or unintentional actions.It is the physical and geometric manifestation of underlying forces generated by human ehavior and its interactions with the environment. The way you arrange your furniture in the living room to be comfortable is an act of design that has behind it significant underlying (cultural) forces and determinants (Hall, 1966). Consequently, as we approach design in our culture, we have basic approaches and conventions for interpreting human behavior and needs into design form. 0 People need, want, aspiration, passion . Program what and how much of something satisfies the stated need. 0 Context bio-physical, cultural, Jurisdictional, historic/time, interrelationships. Organization, structure, and process. 0 Design elements, principles, and relationships or compositions (art) space, enclosure, movement, and circulation. 0 Structure, manufacturing, and economy. References and source Urban Design. org. Books Jon Lang , Urban Design A typology of procedures and products, Ron Kasprisin Urban Design, the composition of complexity. 4. Short notes a.URBAN SPRAWL The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas. Poorly planned development that spreads a citys population over a wider and wider the land between them and the city fills in as well. Examples . A Northern Virginia housing development encroaches on farmland. Population growth and relocation is threatening rural environments across the world. Photograph by Sarah Leen Written by John G. Mitchell Republished from the pages of National Geographic magazin e. 2. In the United States, urban sprawl is becoming a matter of increasing concern.From 1970 to 1990, people who worked in U. S. cities moved farther and farther from urban centers. The population density of cities in the United States decreased by more than 20 percent as people in cities moved to suburbs and outlying areas. About 0,000 square miles of rural lands were gobbled up by housing developments. For example, the population of the city of Chicago decreased during this period from 3. 4 million people to 2. 8 million. But the Chicago metropolitan area grew from about 7. 0 million persons to 7. 3 million.Sprawl occurs in metropolitan areas that allow unrestricted growth or that have no plans to contain it. Other factors include the widespread use of automobiles and the building of expressways. Example Mexico City. References and Source Unbelievable aerial photographs of Mexico City show how the urban landscape preads over mountains while maintaining a remarkable 25,400 people per square mile. In a megalopolis like Mexico City, Mail, the relationship between man and space is ever so apparent. ww. pearlandisd. com National geographic. com By John G. Mitchell in July 2001, Fraser Sherman Demand media. b. URBANIZATION Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas which result in rural migration and even suburban concentration into cities, particularly the very large ones. The United Nations projected that half of the worlds population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008. By 2050 it is predicted that 64. 1% and 85. 9% of the developing and developed world respectively will be urbanized.Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i. e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban development relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing. ExampleChicago 1854 1898 Graphs Source United Nations, World urbanization prospects The 2003 revision, population division of department of economic and social affairs of the United Nations secretariat. c. URBANITY Urbanity refers to the characteristics, personality traits, and viewpoints associated with cities and urban areas. People who can be described as having urbanity are also referred to as citified. Example They seek papers and panels that investigate elements of urbanism and urbanity during the long nineteenth century, such as urbanites (the flaneur, the prostitute, the detective, the criminal, etc. urbanites and the rise of consumer culture immigrants and urban communities urban domesticity in literature and culture architecture, urban design, and city planning urban spaces and the gothic imagination motilities and forms of urban transport the pol itics of urban space the city and the natural environment urban cartographies urban crime and violence urban spaces and urban peripheries (Suburbs ghettos, wastelands, industrial zones, dumps and other hybrid spaces) urbanism and public health animals and urban environments concert halls, opera houses, and other urban entertainment venues estaurants, cafes, and urban eating and drinking leisure and urbanism city/country divides and the anti-urban tradition in art and literature.Typology (in urban planning and architecture) is the taxonomic classification of (usually physical) characteristics commonly found in buildings and urban places, according to their association with different categories, such as intensity of development (from natural or rural to highly urban), degrees of formality, and school of thought (for example, modernist or traditional). Individual characteristics form patterns. The word type has been derived from the Greek word Typos which means impression.A type in urb an design is a characteristic set of form properties of a building, a space or combinations of both (groupings of buildings or spaces, combinations of buildings and spaces). A type is not a concrete example that can be copied. It is a means of establishing a relation between a large numbers of comparable objects. Keeping that in mind it can be seen as a kind of generalized model. In contrast to a category that has a sharp delineation, the delineation of a type is vague and it is multiple interpretable. This makes it pre-eminently suitable to be used in a design process because it occupies a position in between abstract ideas measures than to the modern measure. The type incorporates quality and quantity, but it is not necessary to revert to pre-rational scientific ideas to use it.Buildings have been classified in many different ways, depending on the nature of the study, and the purpose of the classification. In building type studies, for example, buildings are classified according to their functions. The purpose of building type studies is to compare the methods by which different architects have responded to imilar client needs (building task), under different economic, social, technical and site constraints. Hospitals are studied together, and so are schools, houses, office buildings, stadiums and so on. The differences in the design approach among the designers can be very instructive. References and Sources Books Urban Design A typology of procedures and products,